Up-plan deforestation in eastern Biak, mostly logged by community in their customary territories. Photo: Yunus Yumte
Indigenous woman in Eastern Biak, taking big role in managing the land and forests. Photo: Yunus Yumte
Papua forest management is threatened by weak tenure, lack of genuine participation and minimum benefits to Papuan indigenous peoples. Respond to this problems since 2013 Samdhana bridged partnerships with Forests Management Unit (KPH) Biak Numfor Papua, KLHK, Papua State University, Local NGO Rumsram and Mnukwar, Byak Customary Assembly and customary communities in Eastern Biak, and district and provincial governments to build trust and find common ground. The current long term forest management plan document, covering 206,016 ha area of KPH in Biak-Numfor integrates the role of IPs in local forest management. First five villages inside KPH are now sharing common sets of activities with KPH on rights clarification, mapping, organizational strengthening, and planning forest resources management options.
Papua remains host to the largest contiguous forest areas in Indonesia estimated at 35million hectares, with potential for generating low emission development models. Additionally KLHK Forestry Decree SK.481/Menhut-II/2009 approved designation of 56 units of KPH in Papua, covering 18,180,201 ha or 58.49 % of Papua forests reserves. Further, there is a need to develop culturally appropriate and decentralized forests management approaches that benefit local people to address the levels of poverty and conflict in Papua. Biak District in Papua has offered its KPH block for co-management, to address challenges of sustainable forest management, conflict, weak institutional arrangements and legal certainty for customary community rights and their legal participation in managing their forests resources.
The KPH policy deals with the challenge of decentralized forests management schemes that improve the value of forests to the region and its people. National and provincial programs prioritized KPH, yet in 2013 stakeholder mapping assessment conducted by Samdhana Institute found that there are still big gap of knowledge, understanding and capacity at the local level to enhance the effective work of the KPH. Social issues have also emerged including lack of clarification of customary rights within the KPH, as well as the gaps in local policy development to position and reinforce the role of KPHs in Papua.
Provided technical assistance and training of KPH Unit in conduct of full forest inventory, participatory mapping, development of long-term forest management plan, FPIC and community organizing. KPH,Biak Numfor was awarded this year’s prize as one of the top three best protection KPH in Indonesia. Because of this project, the KPH in Biak has developed mechanisms of partnership between local government with customary communities to conduct forests resources management within their customary rights, and develop ecotourism options. Recently village key stakeholders inaugurated the Eastern Biak eco-tourism unit and worked with Korean Company to develop bamboo plantation industry where community participation is on of the key prerequisites. KPH Biak-Numfor has now become a key reference of the Provincial Forestry Department and KLHK to develop a KPH in Papua.
Ariestoteles Ap, the head of KPHL Biak Numfor explain the plan for Opsnondi lake. Photo: Yunus Yumte
KPH is a KLHK flagship, that is ready for
implementation in forest areas for protection, conservation and concessions. It
works best in state forest areas that is able to integrate customary rights
based on MK 35. It therefore potentially provides space to enhance the
participation of customary community to significantly enhance management of
their forests. But the work in KPH Biak is exceptional because of there are
good leadership qualities of the KPH head. He is also able to work with local
NGOs and is committed and equipped with community facilitation skills, openness
and has cultural understanding. Lessons
include: - Good Leadership: A vision, commitment to local partnerships and strong leadership is crucial at the beginning of the KPH. Mainstreaming leadership programs and support systems in the KPH should be a priority including challenge funds or flexible systems of funding local participation, including mapping and organizational development of local stakeholders.
- Good technical knowhow: Provision of good technical, links with NGOs for good social and business capacity helps KPH and community organizations, and reduces long term dependency of outsider facilitators.
- Good cultural understanding and flexibility to accommodate rights, mapping and other stakeholders interests;
- Government support: ability to maximize legal, regulatory and programmatic instruments are available at district and provincial governments is very important
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