Solar Panel To Powering the Provincial Office Building in Arfai - Manokwari

Solar Panel Instalation in Arfai Just Bellow the Provincial Office Block

The West Papua Government has stating to applying low emission development approaches by installing the solar panel to generate the electricity and powering all the entire Provincial government building that now built in Arfak hill Manokwari, West Papua. Eventhough not effectively operating but the panels is claimed to reduce the current dependency in fossil fuel diesel machine in electricity company. This should come as an innovative action to catch the potency of sun energy in Manokwari that enormously high. When in sunny day the hot sunny shine can reach 35 degree Celsius. There is no confirmation yet how much electricity energy can be produced from this plant.

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Climate Agreement and Challenges on Local Action to Reduce Emission Reduction in Papua - Indonesia

A historical agreement was achieved in Paris COP 21 December 2015 when more than 170 countries approved the proposal on the efforts to mitigate and adapt to the impact of climate change. Forests and lands been highlighted part of the cores attention in the mitigation actions to prevent the temperature raised not over 2^oC by 2100. And again reducing deforestation and degradation of forests was emerged as global component of action. Most of the tropical country like Indonesia, Congo and Brazil were stood in the position on requesting the clear finance mechanism on forests and people for climate mitigation. Incentive and benefits should go to the appropriate action on saving the primary forests. Beside government the voices were also came up from civil society and indigenous people alliance to considered the rights of Indigenous people on the climate convention. They claimed the rights over 60% of world land that contain approximately 37.7 billion tonnes of carbon—29 times more than the annual emissions of the world’s passenger vehicles.

Indonesia with its large tropical forests up to 140 million ha plays important position in combating climate change impact through low emission land and forests development. The INDC raised in Paris by President JOKOWI emphasized new country commitment to reduce 29% of domestic emission by 2030. Highlighting forests moratorium and improve forests management on community based forests management as part of the national efforts on forests and land mitigation action. But it was remained contradictory with the facts that the government are trying to pushing up economic growth by creating economic policy package in 2015 that allow massive expansion of natural resources extraction in the country. The national targets on peatland protection has failed in 2015 by huge forests fires and oilpalm expansion in peatland areas. While the social forestry initiative facing the problems on limited forests availability for community and local government intention on developments. Allocation of forests to big concession are mostly be considered advantages to the government revenue.

For the provinces like Papua and West Papua, Paris climate agreement and national commitment on emission reduction would be a best chance to gets financial and non-financial incentive to the development by saving the forests. 42 million ha of the forests in the Island in which 70% are primary (**90 forests cover) could contribute about 38% of national forests and land use low emission development targets. Provincial action plans strategy on low emission development have now opened for implementation depending on how fast are the government then translating their program reflect to the global and national commitment on climate change mitigation and adaption. Particularly how the government could then control massive forests cover changes for road construction, public facilities and other land uses purposes because they are the main drivers of deforestation in the region emitted almost 53 million Ton of CO₂ per year. It is realized that there are a lot of challenge appear to be answered by Government and all actors in the region to meets good and benefiting forests governance to the people, states and global interests. 

Understanding the forests development are unique in each region, the Ministry of Forestry introduced and prioritizing forests management units (FMU/KPH) as the forests decentralization management scheme that be designed to bridge such national-local and global gaps. This sites specific scheme are then be formulated to solve the conflicts such as community/indigenous people rights claim over the forests in the region. Papua and West Papua Provinces are then responded this by designing 77 FMU that covers almost 23 million or about 60% of the forests in the island – 12 of which are now have been operationalizing. Recently the FMU policy was expanded to cover all types of forests include conservation which means about 80% of the Papua forests are potentially to be managed under FMU scheme. It is just one of several option on climate change mitigation and adaptation locus on the region. Another sustainability land uses and forests development practices outside of FMU are also crucial to gets special attention such as energy and agriculture sectors.

In the complexity problem of activities on the Ground, the forestry actors are now become panics and not comfortably working in the transition phase of Law No 23 of 2014 implementation. The law has clearly mentioning forestry in the ‘non mandatory responsibilities’ in which the district level forests administrative functions are no longer needed because it is not efficient. All of the asset and program are now moving to the province. Direct consequences will be a problem of services at the districts and willingness of forestry actor to responsible to the program in the region. Which means all low emission development action that working at the provinces are now under provincial responsibility that would high costs because it is centralistic governing. Authority of forests management are in provinces could create interest conflict between Governoord and Head of the Districts.


Political situation in Papua with number of Head of District election happening in 2015 until 2017 are another issues that would significantly influence the ways of land uses and forests development pathway. One risk that each environmental and people based projects intervention would face is where no political and program support from local government authority. REDD and any other locally forests and land development program are enormously influenced by local politics and government program. In cases like Tambrauw West Papua Province all the process are were well and be backed up by the government because the current Bupati’s has good will and concrete political commitment on conservation and rights recognition.

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IPs Rights Integrated into Government Decentralized Forest Management Units (KPH)

 Up-plan deforestation in eastern Biak, mostly logged by community in their customary territories. Photo: Yunus Yumte

 Indigenous woman in Eastern Biak, taking big role in managing the land and forests. Photo: Yunus Yumte

Papua forest management is threatened by weak tenure, lack of genuine participation and minimum benefits to Papuan indigenous peoples. Respond to this problems since 2013 Samdhana bridged partnerships with Forests Management Unit (KPH) Biak Numfor Papua, KLHK, Papua State University, Local NGO Rumsram and Mnukwar, Byak Customary Assembly and customary communities in Eastern Biak, and district and provincial governments to build trust and find common ground. The current long term forest management plan document, covering 206,016 ha area of KPH in Biak-Numfor integrates the role of IPs in local forest management. First five villages inside KPH are now sharing common sets of activities with KPH on rights clarification, mapping, organizational strengthening, and planning forest resources management options. 

Papua remains host to the largest contiguous forest areas in Indonesia estimated at 35million hectares, with potential for generating low emission development models. Additionally KLHK Forestry Decree SK.481/Menhut-II/2009 approved designation of 56 units of KPH in Papua, covering 18,180,201 ha or 58.49 % of Papua forests reserves. Further, there is a need to develop culturally appropriate and decentralized forests management approaches that benefit local people to address the levels of poverty and conflict in Papua. Biak District in Papua has offered its KPH block for co-management, to address challenges of sustainable forest management, conflict, weak institutional arrangements and legal certainty for customary community rights and their legal participation in managing their forests resources. 

The KPH policy deals with the challenge of decentralized forests management schemes that improve the value of forests to the region and its people. National and provincial programs prioritized KPH, yet in 2013 stakeholder mapping assessment conducted by Samdhana Institute found that there are still big gap of knowledge, understanding and capacity at the local level to enhance the effective work of the KPH. Social issues have also emerged including lack of clarification of customary rights within the KPH, as well as the gaps in  local policy development to position and reinforce the role of KPHs in Papua. 

Provided technical assistance and training of KPH Unit in conduct of full forest inventory, participatory mapping, development of long-term forest management plan, FPIC and community organizing. KPH,Biak Numfor was awarded this year’s prize as one of the top three best protection KPH in Indonesia. Because of this project, the KPH in Biak has developed mechanisms of partnership between local government with customary communities to conduct forests resources management within their customary rights, and develop ecotourism options. Recently village key stakeholders inaugurated the Eastern Biak eco-tourism unit and worked with Korean Company to develop bamboo plantation industry where community participation is on of the key prerequisites.  KPH Biak-Numfor has now become a key reference of the Provincial Forestry Department and KLHK to develop a KPH in Papua. 

Ariestoteles Ap, the head of KPHL Biak Numfor explain the plan for Opsnondi lake. Photo: Yunus Yumte

KPH is a KLHK flagship, that is ready for implementation in forest areas for protection, conservation and concessions. It works best in state forest areas that is able to integrate customary rights based on MK 35. It therefore potentially provides space to enhance the participation of customary community to significantly enhance management of their forests. But the work in KPH Biak is exceptional because of there are good leadership qualities of the KPH head. He is also able to work with local NGOs and is committed and equipped with community facilitation skills, openness and has cultural understanding.  Lessons include: 

• Good Leadership: A vision, commitment to local partnerships and strong leadership is crucial at the beginning of the KPH. Mainstreaming leadership programs and support systems in the KPH should be a priority including challenge funds or flexible systems of funding local participation, including mapping and organizational development of local stakeholders.  
• Good technical knowhow: Provision of good technical, links with NGOs for good social and business capacity helps KPH and community organizations, and reduces long term dependency of outsider facilitators.
• Good cultural understanding and flexibility to accommodate rights, mapping and other stakeholders interests;
• Government support: ability to maximize legal, regulatory and programmatic instruments are available at district and provincial governments is very important

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NORAD Team Visit Forests Management Unit in Biak Numfor

Biak January 15, “ Through KPH, I have vision to turn the current public paradigm that forests governance in Indonesia are far from good because it full of conflict, not sustainable, lack of community participation and lack of contribution to local economic development.” said Mr. Ariestoteles Ap – the Head of Forests Management Unit (KPHL) Biak Numfor on his welcoming words to the NORAD and Samdhana team. Holding the responsibilities to manage 206,016 ha of forests in Biak and Numfor Island he acknowledged that community are the main actors since customary right claim are strong in the islands.

Biak is one of the priority site of Samdhana intervention in Papua. The overall objective of projects is to creates the forests management integrative approaches that put in balance the needs of forests governance, economic business of forests resources, protection of indigenous people rights and poverty alleviation. Making this happen Samdhana is seeing Forests Management Unit (KPH) as legal platform and spaces to bring government, CSO/NGOs, customary community and privates sector in achieving the equitable forests value development. The works then been initiating since 2012/2013 started with stakeholder assessment and full forests inventory that become the bases for KPH in Biak to moves in technical and strategic partnership developing their long term management plan in participatory and comprehensive ways. KPH is now having a good relationship both with CSO/NGO in Biak and community in their concession areas. They also have a business commitment with the investor from Korea in developing the bamboo plantation for pellet and flooring industry in Biak.

The visit of NORAD and Norway Embassy Officer were to learned on what have been happening in Biak from The works of Samdhana with Partners and understand how the strategic position of forests management units in relation to customary rights issues. This was also part of regular projects visit to understand how their grantees and partners are working.

In addition to his shared about KPHL Biak, the head of KPHL Biak Numfor noted that the way how Samdhana is working with the partners are very much useful and enormously impacting the way of program KPH is doing and the core message KPH is conveying about the development of KPH based on customary rights recognition and protection. He also acknowledged the importance of Samdhana supports staff are contributing much in the KPH works and formulation of internal KPH implementation agenda. And highlighted the limitation that the government has in financing the implementation of field activities and more often delay as scheduled of distributing finance are realize in midyear. 

Joined in this meeting the program manager of Rumsram and the director of MNUKWAR who presented their works in this collaboration. MNUKWAR shared the works they been doing in build the model of eco-tourism in two villages in Eastern Biak, while RUMSRAM showed how their working in revitalizing cooperative and customary boundary mapping. Both RUMSRAM and MNUKWAR appreciated the support Samdhana is providing in Biak and support to build new model of Government – CSO and Community partnership to enhance the value of forests to the community and region. KPH also emphasized that they are lucky to have this partnership and looking forward to learn more from the works MNUKWAR and RUMSRAM are doing with the community.

The meetings then ended with tree planting in the arboretum. All quest include the executive director of Samdhana Institute involve on this planting. The arboretum is emerge as the initiative to build a collection garden for KPH. This is also part of KPH program on forests for education that will contributes to environmental curriculum in Biak.

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NORAD Team In Touched with The Head of Jayapura - Papua Province

Jayapura, 14^th January 2016. As a part of the monitoring and learning needs, Administrator of CSO Grant Program - NORAD representative Frida Skjaraasen and Rannveig Formo, The Forests and Climate Counsellor in Norway Embassy in Jakarta visiting The Samdhana Projects sites. The 1^st visit was conducting in Jayapura and met with Government Representative from Jayapura and Tambrauw Districts. The official meeting was designed by the Government in half day workshop.

The Bupati of Jayapura Districts on his opening remarks emphasized the importance of Indigenous Peoples role in saving the planet from the climate change impact. Given the current priority of the districts development in good governance, customary value reviving and sustainable land uses development, he was pointed out that the districts is gradually revitalize it steps forward with engaging non-government organization because they understand the limitation in their sides to implementing all the right based approached on sustainable development. He then thanks for all parties includes Samdhana Institute whose been putting a lot of attention and support in the customary community right development process and appreciate the efforts that Norway Government is doing for climate change mitigation and adaptation action globally.

Rannveig then added that the Norway government are still stand in their bilateral commitment to helps Indonesia in tackling the problem of Deforestation and Degradation and they believe that to achieve the emission reduction target, Indonesia should lead the action. She also expressed that one way to secure the natural forests is by secure the rights of people in and around forest. So she come to Papua to see and learn for such facts in community. Norway supports are providing not only to the government but also civil society, NGOs and Community groups to working in collaboration addressing the forests, climate and people issues. One form of support as what Samdhana is received from NORAD.

NGO and CSO roles in district development are crucial. In Jayapura, there are several NGOs who’s working closely with the government such as Pt PPMA with customary boundary mapping and community organizing, AFP3 with research, assessment and capacity building to customary village governance and Hirosih Foundation their works in conservation of Cyclops mountain. Several keys products have been produced by them in which strengthening the customary villages policy that the district has. AFP3 for example shared that they been working with the government and now almost final with the customary village governance education and training package. Bupati of Jayapura then asked for good collaboration among CSO/NGO and government to realize the overall targeted changes in the development pathway that the government has initiated. The meeting was also included 9 tribe leaders where the legal recognition has be given.

Included in the workshop the representative from Tambrauw district. They shared the initiative in conservation policy and local rights recognition. Head of Tambrauw Parliament as the speaker says that its important to take Jayapura as an example from them to start the works in customary right recognition. 

Jayapura and Tambrauw Districts in Papua Island are two of eight sites of the new approved NORAD Grant implementation sites of Samdhana Institute. Three component are in planning to be achieved in 5 years consists of (1) customary boundary mapping and legal recognition, (2) capacity building and (3) a good example of forests and land uses management. The Samdhana Institute Executive director added that Samdhana is working through partners and will mostly listen from what is needed on the ground. Samdhana niece is to helps customary community getting their dignitary and sovereignty over their land and resources. So priority is given to the areas with strong networking and political commitment in this issues in which all the support are packaging in the capacity and networking building direction.

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Opini: Paket Kebijakan Ekonomi dan Upaya Indonesia Mengurangi Emisi GRK

Melihat bagaimana Paket Kebijakan Ekonomi Indonesia dan Impactnya terhadap Pemantapan Tata Kelola Hutan serta Usaha Untuk Indonesia untuk menurunkan Emisi dari sector lahan dan Kehutanan?

Analisis untuk bahan diskusi lanjutan

Presiden Joko Widodo/Jokowi. FOTO: MI/PANCA SYURKANI - metronews/ 09092015

Dinamika ekonomi global terutama fluktuasi perdagangan international yang berimplikasi pada fluktuasi nilai tukar mata uang dolar terhadap rupiah secara langsung telah juga memberikan goncangan kritis terhadap stabilisasi pasar barang dan jasa serta penyerapan tenaga kerja di Indonesia dan melambatnya perekonomian dalam negeri. Merespon kondisi tersebut pemerintan pun segera mengeluarkan paket-paket kebijakan ekonomi yang dianggap ampuh untuk menjawab kepercayaan global market terhadap Indonesia dan mempercepat pembangunan investasi di Indonesia. Dimana kesemuannya diharapkan berjalan optimal untuk menjaga kestabilan ekonomi negara dan nilai tukar rupiah terhadap dollar Amerika.

Paket kebijakan Ekonomi Tahap 3 yang dikeluarkan tanggal 5 oktober 2015, misalnya mengarahkan prioritas kebijakan pemerintah pada pemangkasan perijinan. Sektor kehutanan[1] dan lahan adalah beberapa sector-sector yang dinilai proses perijinannya terlalu panjang dan perlu dipangkas untuk mempercepat pembangunan investasi di sector ini “Pemerintah memangkas 14 perizinan menjadi enam perizinan, termasuk membersihkan 9 peraturan menteri sebelumnya”.

Dalam kerangka upaya Indonesia untuk mengimplementasikan komitmen Indonesia untuk menurunkan emisi dari sector kehutanan dan lahan, paket kebijakan ekonomi ini dinilai akan menjadi boomerang dan dianggap kontrak produktif karena kemungkinan akan memacu perluasan pembukaan lahan dan hutan untuk menjawab kebutuhan investasi. Seiring dengan prioritas pembangunan yang didorong pada optimalisasi lahan dan orang untuk mendorong optimalisasi pembangunan pertanian menjadi salah satu indicator terhadap bagaimana kebijakan ekonomi yang berorientasi pada percepatan perijinan sector SDA akan menjadi salah satu pendorong percepatan deforestasi dan degradasi hutan dan lahan di Indonesia.

Fakta-fakta dan kasus meningkatkan pelepasan kawasan hutan di beberapa sentra hutan primer di Indonesia seperti Kalimantan dan Papua[2] yang saat ini juga di kepung oleh asap akibat kebakaran hutan untuk tujuan-tujuan expansi perkebunan[3] atau pemukiman tersebut mendorong kita untuk secara kritis melihat bagaimana implikasi paket ekonomi Pemerintah Indonesia terhadap komitmentnya mengurangi emisi GRK dari sector kehutanan dan Lahan? Perhatian dan keseriusan pemerintah Indonesia untuk menekan upaya-upaya penyelamatan bumi dari dampak perubahan iklim melalui kepastian kebijakan mempertahankan hutan sangat diragukan melihat trend yang ada. Kebijakan ini dinilai hadir disaat yang belum tepat untuk sector SDA karena saat ini negara sedang belum tuntas menyelesaikan persoalan-persoalan perijinan serta tata kelola sector pengelolaan sumber daya alam di Indonesia. Persoalan-persoalan krusial di tingkat dasar sperti urusan kepemilikan sumber daya, posisi dan peran masyarakat dalam pengelolaan sumber daya alamnya, kerangka penyelesaian sengketa sampai dengan kepastian hukum hak-hak komunitas adat belum juga matang disiapkan atau diimplikasikan di wilayah-wilayah dengan sentra SDA yang kaya seperti Papua, Sumatera, Kalimantan dan Sulawesi.

Kebijakan yang kontrakproduktif ini perlu disikapi semua pihak dengan baik untuk menjamin bahwa kebijakan pembangunan ekonomi dari sector SDA secara umum dan kehutanan dan lahan secara khusus tidak memperparah dinamika persoalan pengelolaan hutan di Indonesia. Dan secara bersama merumuskan kegiatan untuk mengawal atau mengontrol implementasi paket kebijakan ekonomi yang baru ini dikeluarkan ini.

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[1] http://wartaekonomi.co.id/read/2015/09/30/74435/menteri-siti-sederhanakan-izin-pelepasan-kawasan-hutan.html

[2] http://www.dephut.go.id/uploads/files/95b1ab36b74fb304f8397a54d814a42c.pdf

[3] http://www.walhi.or.id/jejak-asap-korporasi-tanggung-gugat-korporasi-terhadap-dampak-dan-pemulihan-lingkungan-hidup.html

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Critic Paper to Policy Makers: Slow Down Low Carbon Development Initiative in Papua and West Papua Provinces of Indonesia

Papua and West Papua Provinces with 42 million ha of forests in which almost 70% are still virgin plays significant position in Indonesia Greenhouses gas emission action. The appropriate actions and win ways are needed urgently to make sure that all keys stakeholder getting the wise option for natural resources management strategy and policy. As respond to global climate changes the provinces since 2008 announced their commitment to bring both provinces as the leader in saving forests for tackle the effect of global warming. Event both governor together with Arnold Schwarzenegger – the governor of California and the governor of Aceh built the Governor Climate and Forests Task Force, which now expanded to more than six county.

2008 until 2012 were the pre-condition pathway to build what people called with a foundation to makes government to government collaboration program could works that would enable each parties to contributes in saving the worlds by protecting the last remaining tropical forests in Asia and Pacific. At National level-Indonesia government with several REDD platform body had launch several low carbon development frameworks include the REDD+ strategy, national emission reduction target, safeguard instruments and many other tools to makes REDD works in the country. At sub national through LoI Indonesia – Norway the province has their provinces strategy and action plan to REDD+ implementation. While through national initiative the provinces has also developed greenhouses gas emission reduction action plan. Papua and Wests Papua provinces were engaged actively in both level and had have both document in place in the end of 2013.

The question then come after all these heavy worked have done: Are there any low carbon development initiative run in these provinces? Are the government as the keys policy and program maker has starting to do something that mentioned in the documents they developed? Do all parties are aware of low carbon ideas in the development at provinces and district?  How could we measure to validate the answer on above questions?

REDD or any low carbon development initiative in Papua are heavily depending on political commitments of political and institution leader of the government. Political commitment that interpreted into detail official government plans and program will become a guaranty that these initiative would works in the field. Understanding the plan and program of government could be explored by looking into detail spatial plan and strategic program plans of each institution. The plan and strategic plan should clearly mentioning the low carbon development program as the priority action

This paper is trying to critically provides quick views on how weak are the low carbon development initiative that fast in preparing the strategy and action plan documents but then slow in the actualization of the strategy and action plan. One by one the above questions will be answered in a robust comments based on the fact and condition in the both Papua and West Papua Province. 

Are there any low carbon development initiative run in these provinces? 

Some initiative came in the period of 2009 - 2012 such as Emirate Planet for the low carbon development project in Wamena, Carbon Strategic and Asia Pacific Carbon in West Papua. All these company came with an intended to applied VCS projects for credits. But most of the them were stopped in legal requirement such as the availability of forests the will do their projects. Since the low carbon projects was a new kinds of licenses that most parties are not familiar with. At the national levels experts are still in long discussion on building an ideal mechanism to makes low carbon development initiative could happen. No clear juridictional mechanism were agreed as national and sub-national low carbon development mechanism so most the this projects were given up find an appropriates national references to moving forward with their projects. 

Another constrain that the projects faced was political leader and community supports. Most of the projects came were failed to convince political leader and some community leader about the benefits that community and government could get by putting their support into the projects. 

Are the government as the keys policy and program maker has starting to do something that mentioned in the documents they developed? 

The province REDD+ and GHG reduction action plan and strategy had clearly mentioning several pilots action plan that should be conducted to reach the provinces emission reduction targets (look this analysis: ............). But until now no one of this lists are started on the selected pilot sites. Some specific initiative are going so far are most run by an NGO project based such as Samdhana with Forests Management Unit (KPH), UKCCU with their Green Investment and Spatial Plan Program (Protarih), USAID IFACS and ICRAF with Participatory Monitoring System (Parcimont). 

Not clear how the government is kind to taking an advance steps on facilitating all the projects initiative, taking an coordinator function and directed all the parties to testing the implementation of all lists action plan were mentioned in the official documents. 


Do all parties are aware of low carbon ideas in the development at provinces and district?

Since it was announced as a new forests management scheme, low carbon development concept are not well distributed to all relevant parties. The gap of understanding in this issues and miss-understanding in seeing the project from the simple perspective of the easily getting money by protecting forests has rights an empty expectation. Distribution and dissemination information as part of public awareness were not worked well since the preparation stages. 

 In west Papua and Papua Provinces the interpretation of low carbon were vary depending on the organization background.  Some projects mentioned above that has in contacted with community are often mistake to use the more proper words in explaining what is the low carbon development are so miss interpretation we also occurred at grass roots as shown by MNUKWAR videos. 


So will low carbon initiative works in Papua and West Papua?

Make the foundation as noted in the documents as enabling condition should be a vital priority that the government needs to take soon. In collaboration with all related stakeholder sharpening this concepts into technical activities that measurable and verifiable are a urgent steps the government should takes. 

It is a big worry that the the initiative will slowly disappear with the slow down action that the government has. 



  

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Strategi dan Rencana Aksi Provinsi untuk Implementasi REDD+ di Provinsi Papua Barat

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Locally Control Forests - A Strategic Intervention to Protect Forest Carbon in West Papua

West Papua Province of Indonesia highlighted that developing community based forests management (CBFM) initiative as one of the efforts to implement low emission forests development action plan. Learning from the cases were massive deforestation are happen in the big logging concession, the CBFM initiative were emerge as an option to mainstreaming good forests management that align with local economic development. The scheme has also be considered could bridge the concern on integrating customary rights within locally forests development. 

Esania village in Kaimana District could potentially be the example for West Papua to sharpening their action. The contradiction between de facto claim of customary right and de jure state forests governance has put local indigenous communities in a position where they find it difficult to benefit from government policy to manage their forests resources. There are 9 customary communities claiming over 26,205 ha of forests. Of these, 24,664 ha are production forests (94%) in the permanent, limited and conversion forests categories. About 60% of the area is secondary (logged over) forest. Timber is one of the most influence forest product to the incomes of community. Even-though they logged on their own customary right land but legally they been claiming as the illegal logging because no licenses in hand. From the land uses investment maps, the village are suitable for oil palm and rubber plantation. Government has also puts on their plan to expanding such farming products but some of the community are refused and stand in the position to manage their resources.

Geographically the village are part of the district that  recently established in 2002 with total areas about 18.500 Km2 and 49,000 population – 76% of which are poor people. It lays on the southeast peninsula of Papua Island. In terms of reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation the site are plays an important role. Kaimana District holds about 17% of the province’s forests or about 1.8 million ha – the second largest area with forests in the Province - and is 99% forested. Of this area about 1,055,737 Ha (57.07%) are production forests in which licenses can be granted for forestry- related investment. There are 5 local tribes that living in the region and have strong claim of customary rights over the land, forests and resources - this is acknowledged by the the government as the special issues and factor that influencing the pathway of forests development program in the region. So having a good best practices on how community could manages their resources legally and sustainable within their rights are the home works that the government has. 

Position of the locally control forests activities through village forests in Esania is crucial both for the district and the provinces to showing the how low carbon development would works at the community level with clear tenure rights and secure legal licenses from the Government. The recent study conducted by Samdhana institute and Papua State University shows that the Esania forests contain 7 million tonnes of carbon within there major types of forests: dry land primary forests, dry land secondary forests and swamp forests. The matrix bellow in summary provides us the complete analysis of above biomass calculation of carbon storing in Esania forests. 

No	Official Forest Function Category	Areas (ha)	Average CO2e tonnes/Ha	C-Stock In Esania (million tonnes CO2e)	%
1	Permanent Production	16,657.70	230	3.8	54
2	Limited Production	3,300.10	230	0.8	11
3	Conversion Production	4,706.40	230	1.1	15
4	Protection (mangrove)	1,381.00	1,028	1.4	20
5	Water body	160.10		0	0
	Total	26,205.80		7.1	100

This figures points out the importance of village forests and any locally control forests initiative in protection of carbon stock. Changing the forests covers in Esania from forests into non forests would have a directs implication to the increasing of carbon emission in the region.

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Tata Ruang Sebagai Instrument Spatial Penegasan Kesiapan Implementasi REDD+ di Papua

Boomingnya isu REDD dalam konteks kesempatan legal untuk akses benefit sebagai upaya dari satu wilayah hutan primer berkontribusi terhadap upaya perlindungan dan pengamanan karbon disambut baik secara global termasuk di Papua. Phase persiapan dan inisiasi awal kemudian dilakukan baik melalui mekanisme voluntary, join partnership agreement antar pemerintah maupun pilot action melalui NGO. Sebagai wilayah dengan tutupan hutan primer yang masih baik di Indonesia, Papua kemudian merespon isu ini dengan aksi-aksi persiapan termasuk didalammnya membangun tata ruang untuk memberikan kepastian legal kawasan dimana skema REDD atau REDD+ ini bisa diimplementasikan dan maupun dimonitor, diukur dan evaluasi performa penyelematan karbon hutannya dalam cakupan spasial tertentu yang disepakati. Posisi penting Tata Ruang juga dipandang penting sebagai kerangka hukum ruang bagi setiap initiative skema REDD atau pembangunan rencana emisi yang ingin dilaksanakan. 

Srategi dan rencana aski untuk implementasi REDD+ kemudian digagas dibawah koordinasi Papua Low Carbon Development Task Force yang dibentuk oleh Gubernur Barnabas Suebu dengan Bapak Agus Rumansara sebagai ketua harian pelaksana tim kerja ini. Pada diskusi awal dengan Bappeda Papua dihighlight bahwa "Penataan ruang mengambil peran penting dalam sektor LULUCF di Daerah. Kepastian ruang merupakan dasar penting dalam mengontor aktifitas penggunaan ruang didalamnya. Pemerintah dalam peranturannyannya No 26 tahun 2007 memberikan aturan dalam penyusunan tata ruang di tingkat Propinsi dan Kabupaten. Untuk konteks REDD+, kepastian ruang untuk mengimplementasikan REDD+ menjadi satu faktor kunci yang perlu dipastikan diawal sebelum melakan persiapan teknis lain untuk mendukung implementasi proyek. Pemerintah daerah sebagai “provider” perlu secara jelas merencakan ruang untuk setiap aktifitas pembangunan rendah karbon termasuk REDD+. Status dan fungsi ruang, alokasi peruntukannya  dan jaminan pengeloaannya dengan sebuah regulasi juga merupakan instrument-instrument  prasyarat kelayakan pemanfaatan ruang". Dalam perkembanganya kemudian Task Force secara aktif ikut mendukung penyelesaian dokumen RTRW Provinsi dengan beberapa asistensi teknis terutama untuk mempertegas delineasi dan prinsip-prinsip dasar yang harus dimuat dalam tata ruang terkait dengan pembangunan Rendah Emisi. 

Karena dipandang sebagai kerang legal spasial dan acuan juridis arah pemanfaatan kawasan serta untuk menjadi REDD+ bisa berjalan efektif di Papua, dipertegas bahwa "Tata ruang disyaratkat disusun dengan proses partisipatif dan integratif dengan mengakomodir ruang pembangunan nasional, daerah dan masyarakat didalamnya. Aspek sosial-budaya menjadi bagian penting lain yang harus diperhatikan dan diakomodir dalam tata ruang. Tata ruang juga mengakomodir kesepakatan batas antar wilayah administrasi kabupaten/kota". 

Peta arahan pemanfaatan kawasan strategis provinsi Papua didlam RTRWP Provinsi Draft Terakhir. Arsir hijau adalah alokasi untuk pembangunan rendah emisi.

Keadaan saat ini

Sampai dengan saat ini masih berlaku Peraturan Daerah Tingkat I Irian Jaya Nomor 2 Tahun 1993 tentang Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW) Propinsi Irian Jaya, yang disusun berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 1992 tentang Penataan Ruang. Berdasarkan perkembangan wilayah yang terjadi dan pemekaran daerah yang terjadi di Provinsi Papua maka RTRW Propinsi Irian Jaya sudah tidak mampu lagi mengakomodasi dinamika pengembangan wilayah yang terjadi serta pengembangan wilayah ke depan dalam rangka perwujudan pembangunan berkelanjutan di Provinsi Papua.

Undang-Undang Nomor 26 Tahun 2007 tentang Penataan Ruang, sebagai pengganti dari Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 1992 tentang Penataan Ruang, mengamanatkan penyusunan rencana tata ruang wilayah (RTRW) dan bagi RTRW Provinsi berjangka 2 (dua) tahun setelah Undang-Undang Penataan Ruang ditetapkan. Implikasi dari UUPR yang baru tersebut menjadi tanggung jawab Pemerintah Provinsi Papua untuk menyusun Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW) Provinsi Papua. Penyusunan RTRW Provinsi Papua dilakukan semenjak Tahun 2008 dengan memaksimalkan keterlibatan pemangku kepentingan di Provinsi Papua. Sampai dengan saat ini RAPERDA RTRW Provinsi Papua telah mendapatkan Persetujuan Substansi dari Menteri Pekerjaan Umum yaitu dengan SK Menteri Pekerjaan Umum Nomor Nomor: HK.01/03-Mn/115 Tanggal 30 Maret 2011. Evaluasi RAPERDA RTRW Provinsi Papua dilakukan setelah RAPERDA RTRW Provinsi Papua mendapatkan persetujuan substansi dari Menteri Pekerjaan Umum dan persetujuan substansi kehutanan dari Menteri Kehutanan.

Persetujuan substansi kehutanan harus didapatkan oleh RAPERDA RTRW Provinsi Papua karena di dalam rencana pola ruang mensyaratkan adanya perubahan kawasan hutan di Provinsi Papua, baik perubahan peruntukan maupun perubahan fungsi kawasan hutan. Sehubungan dengan hal tersebut maka dilakukan proses perubahan kawasan hutan di Provinsi Papua melalui mekanisme penelitian terpadu. Sampai dengan saat ini, dimulai dengan Kegiatan Harmonisasi dan Sinkronisasi Kawasan Hutan dan Perairan yang dilaksanakan pada Agustus 2009 maka pada proses perubahan kawasan hutan telah melalui 9 (sembilan) kali pertemuan tim terpadu, peninjauan lapangan dan uji konsisten. Terakhir pada Kamis, 21 Juli 2011 dilakukan paparan hasil penelitian terpadu oleh Tim Terpadu kepada Menteri Kehutanan. Dari hasil penelitian terpadu maka direkomendasikan luas kawasan hutan di Provinsi Papua adalah 30.917.673 Ha (atau 94,34% dari luas wilayah Provinsi Papua) serta usulan perubahan kawasan hutan di Provinsi Papua tidak memiliki dampak penting, dampak cakupan luas dan dampak strategis sehingga perubahan kawasan hutan di Provinsi Papua tidak memerlukan persetujuan DPR RI. Implikasi dari Paparan Tim Terpadu kepada Menteri Kehutanan tersebut maka usulan perubahan kawasan hutan Provinsi Papua akan mendapatkan Surat Keputusan Penunjukan Kawasan Hutan yang baru, setelah syarat administrasi penandatanganan peta perubahan kawasan hutan ditandatangani oleh Gubernur dan Bupati/Walikota se Provinsi Papua.

Ruang hijau 94% di kawasan hutan Papua merupakan peluang untuk implementasi kegiatan-kegiatan ekonomi rendah emisi. Untuk melengkapi RTRWP juga Papua menyiapkan visi pembangunan berkelanjutan yang dijadikan dasar dalam mengawal dan mengawasi pemanfaatan ruang di Papua. Ruang-ruang strategis yang menjadi ruang hidup masyarakat dan sumber biodiversity Papua akan dipertahankan. Visi 100 tahun kedepan adalah membangun kualitas manusia Papua dengan tetap mempertahankan kekayaan sumber daya alam-nya. Visi Papua 2100 juga menekankan Papua akan menjadi perhatian dunia karena mampu mempertahankan hutan untuk penyelamatan lingkungan.

Untuk kegiatan-kegiatan pembangunan rendah karbon termasuk REDD+ belum disebutkan secara jelas dalam RTRWP yang ada. Namun dalal rencana strategis pola dan struktur ruang RTRWP telah mendaptkan perhatian untuk menunjuk beberapa kawasan strategis propinsi untuk pengembangan pembangunan ekonomi rendah karbon.

Dimasukannya ruang kampung dalam RTRW menjadi salah satu kekhususan RTRWP Papua sebagian kampung didalamnya juga diberikan ruang APL untuk pembangunan kampung. Raperdasi RTRWP papua juga menekankan pemetaan ruang masyarakat sebagai bagian yang harus dilakukan pada tingkatan kabupaten. Karena di Papua, ruang adat sebagai tempat hidup masyarakat adat di Kampung-Kampung di Papua menjadi salah satu isi kunci dalam tata ruang. Gubernur Papua menginstruksikan “I want to put my people on the plan” sebagai bagian dari komitmen dan konsep pembangunan daerah berbasis masyarakat. Kebijakan ruang kampung juga didukung dengan kebijakan daerah tentang program RESPEK (Rencana Strategis Pembangunan Kampung).

Apa yang harus dilakukan/oleh siapa?

Pertanyaan penting tentunya harus dijawab di Papua adalah apa yang harus dilakukan dan siapa yang harus melakukan aksi tersebut untuk memastikan tata ruang terselesaikan dan mengakomodir kepenting kepastian legal spasial kawasan utuk imlementasi REDD+ di Papua? 

Dalam beberapa diskusi lanjutan kemudian didaftarkan beberapa aksi dan tanggung jawab yang urgent dan penting dilakukan untuk percepatan persiapan spasial dan tata ruang untuk implementasi REDD+ di Papua. Beberapa aksi tersebut diantaranya: 

• Pemerintah daerah propinsi dan kabupaten akan mengambil peran penting di fase awal kegiatan proyek. PEMDA memastikan bahwa ada ruang yang bisa dimanfaatkan untuk mendukung implementasi proyek REDD+. Dengan mengacu pada aturan daerah dan nasional yang ada wilayah ditentukan secara partisipatif. Pada fase ini Dinas Kehutana, BAPPEDA, BPSDALH dan PU akan berperan
• Menyiapkan unit registrasi ruang adat masyarakat Papua untuk mendukung kejelasan status ruang masyarakat. Unit ini merupakan bagian dari lembaga REDD+/Pembangunan Ekonomi Rendah Carbon Papua. Selanjutnya perlu memastikan bahwa ruang yang dialokasikan untuk pengembangan program ekonomi rendah karbon sudah terdaftar. Menyiapkan instrument abitrase dan penyelesaian konflik ruang masyarakat
• Investor agar tetap memperhatikan UU penanaman modal dan pemanfaatan ruang di Daerah, termasuk menghormati alokasi dan pola ruang yang ada. Membangun koordinasi dan komunikasi
• Delineasi dan digitasi batas-batas wilayah yang akan diusulkan untuk REDD+. Selanjutnya peta hasil delineasi dan digitasi tersebut di overlay dengan peta tutupan kawasan dan RTRW yang ada didaerah untuk memastikan bahwa ruang yang diusulkan tidak dibebani ijin pemanfaatan lahan lain dan sesuai dengan peruntukannya.
• Menetapakan criteria dan indicator yang akan digunakan sebagai bahan evaluasi dan monoting perkembangan proyek di Lapangan. Pemertintah daerah lewat kelembagaan yang dibentuk menetapkan sistem MRV – terutama untuk pemanfaatan ruang yang ada untuk mengontrol dan menjamin aktifitas dijalankan sesuai dengan perencanaannya.

Secara keseluruhan kepastian tata ruang dalam hal dasar legal kawasan untuk implementasi REDD+ adalah krusial untuk memberikan kepastian hukum pelaksanaan REDD dan memberikan kepastian hukum terhadap law enforcement, reward dan punishment yang kemudian bisa diatur dalam kesepakatan kerjasama REDD+. 

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