Wonderful of West Yapen Island, 'Suanggi', Bobo, Sago and Wooden Water House

For many Papuan, when the name of Ansus be mentioned people are then thinking of the famous human ghost "Suanggi" or some saying "Suanter" or flying ghosts. Yaa... Because Ansus was claim as the school of people who want to take the supra natural/magic strength that mostly to kill people. I felt this experienced when I did mapping exercise here in 2012. But for other reason most of the villages in Western Yapen Island includes Ansus, Papuma, Kairawing, Sasawa, Munggui and Toweta are one of the bests tourism sites to visits in Papua. It because the combination of cultures, housing, foods and nature are attracting and will makes your memories are well saved the experiences you have.

It was June 2012 that become my 2nd trip with Bang Martin Hardiono for initial mapping discussion we spent almost 7 days stayed in Papuma and Ansus. It takes about 3 hours with the long motor boat to get this place. And if you are someone comming from West Indonesia, the best ways to reach this place is by plane from Biak and then take small rural airplane to get the City of Yapan.  Join in the big meeting of about 32 clans the visits was aiming to helps community in West-North of Yapen Island to have a customary boundary maps. Combination of social discussion, ground checks and desk maps analysis were conducted with full supports of the customary groups in Ansus and Papua. Clans like Kayoi, Arronggear, Woniana, Atururi, May and Raweyai were part of the groups those rights and history were conveyed and recorded. During the visits beside focused on the keys responsibilities on Mapping, we were also enjoying the wonderful of the West Yapen island beauty of nature, foods and local drinks. Fresh fish delicious sago with alcoholic drink or people in Ansus called it with Bobo are parts of the stories been taken away from this trip.

Wooden Water House 

Wooden Houses In Ansus Village of West Yapen 

The picture above is how the houses in West Yapen is looks likes. People are mostly prefer to build their house in the waters, I don't get the reason maybe because they try to protect them self from 'Suanggi' - some people says 'Suanggi" are afraid of sea water. :-). Some reason also said that because this helps them to parking their canoes. All building material they use is easily to collect from the bush around the village such as woods, bamboo, nipah, sago leaf and rattan. The long wooden pier are made to connects all the houses the big poles are punch in the mud to help the pier construction. The size is average with wide 8 x 9 meters with mostly two bedrooms and one kitchen inside. Some people also constructing big houses with more that 2 bedrooms.

Wooden Villages With Long Pier to Connect The Houses in Papuma Village

As a new person that new in the piers like this, I was walked carefully because was worried with the strength of the woods they use to construct the pier. It is mostly the hard wood such as Merbau (Intsia, sp), Matoa (Pometia Sp) and Langgua (Dipterocapacea). But i saw kids and young people are walking and run with out worrying for felling down to the waters that surrounding the houses. I was also amazed that this one meter wide of piers are the ways babies learned for walk. In the night sometme the people whose has got hardly drunk are walking without afraid I think its because they usually doing this for years so have knowing how to do well steps even though you're hardly drunks.

Despite of the condition that for some people like me are dangerous the house location in the bays are a good location to get the fresh air and smooth winds blowing though out the seas and forests. In the day and night the cold air could influence you eye to closes for a while and laying down in short sleep --- Fantastic--. In the afternoon the piers become the beautiful spot to enjoy people paddling their canoes to reach the house from they garden, sago plots or from fishing.

Small Wooden Canoes 

Since the community are living in the floating houses in the bay, canoe is the transportation vehicles that almost all household has. The canoe I meant is the small woods canoe with length not more than 4 meter and wides 30 - 40 cm. It is moving with small paddle being moved by the drivers. Its always a peace lovely afternoon or early morning if we want to enjoy the beauty of people paddling their canoes arrive and leaving the villages. It can occupied 4 - 5 peoples average. Community are often using this canoe to takes fish, crop vegetable, crop fruits and sago from their plots that become the domestic needs of the community.

Foods and Beverages 

Fish is always become my favorite foods but not all fish I like. One of the best and delicious fish I ever tastes is 'Samandar Papan Ansus". Unfortunately I forgot to capture the fish I meant. But its one of the coral with with sweat tastes. The best ways to serve it by fried or roasting. In Ansus we can easely find this fish in the local market with price between 10,000 - 20,000 rupiah for 5 - 8 piece. Another best cuisine i loved here is Papeda dan charcoal sago that always be served with yellow fish soup and water spinach. The fish prices and vegetables and affordable prices puts me on the part of keeps buying the fish and sago from the local market in Ansus Village.

Sago is the traditional foods that all people in the low land of new guide are harvesting and cultivating for foods. It is "PAPEDA" the name of the sago powders cooked with hot waters and serve in the big plates for the groups of people to enjoy it. Papeda has become and icon of tradition and identity of cultures and has become one of the most consuming foods together with rices and yams/cassava. Sago is growing widely in the swamp of the village in this west Yapen and has dividing based on its owners. Beside Papeda, sago powders can also be processed become "cake/cookies" and charcoal sago mix with coconut that all are serve with frees salt water fish with delicious tastes. Even though most of the community have their sago plots but there are also people selling sago and the one has processed in the Ansus Market where we can easily found in low prices.

As a beverage "Bobo' a local alcohol drink processed from nypah trunks are mostly close the nigh of social event with the people - particularly man. A 'Bobo' can be easily found in the villages when people using traditional method to processed it become alcoholic drink. For some point I realized Bobo was the enter doors to talk with elders about the land rights and communal land conflict issue and I did that in Papuma Village to explore more info about Aronggear and Koromat clans history. Bobo is selling closely because it is banned by the Government and sometime police do sweeping for the villages security reason. Most people believe that 'Bobo' is a words water that can stimulate people to be braves and talks much about any issues even though his/her personality is a silent man. It is recommended to enjoy Bobo at night before you sleep. For me its like beer in modern economic society where people takes while creating a good conversation about something. But for you people in Bali or Jakarta, don't expect to find a Bar or cafe with Bobo because there is no cafe/bar here. If you want to enjoy Bobo you have to come or visit the community houses and sitting with them in the quest room of some place they usually setting for relax and enjoy Bobo.

Beside Sago, Fish and Bobo, West Yapen is also a home of different kinds of fruits. Let says Durian, Cempedak (wild jack fruit) and Langsat. But most of it are seasonal. When the time comes people are mostly not able to finishing big amount of fruits they have and Biak is usually become the choice for people to selling this products. To close this session one thing that you should taste is 'Pinang" or bitter nuts fruits that people always loved to chewing it. Red juice coming out from the mouth like vampire drink your bloods are the pictures of people chewing bitter nut. hehehe. Me personally don't like bitter nut but always love to see how majority Papuan are addicted with this "snack". Ansus and surrounding village are also the home for bitter nuts where people cultivating it or collecting from the wild. Beside foods, coffee and cigarettes, bitter nuts is always served to welcome quests or have a meeting of people - we do experienced this in our meeting. To enjoy bitter nut you needs to have sirih and kapur (powder made from burned shell)  as its complement because you cannot produce the red juice with out Sirih and Kapur.

Bitter nut fruits from Toweta Village in West Yapen

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Locally Control Forests - A Strategic Intervention to Protect Forest Carbon in West Papua

West Papua Province of Indonesia highlighted that developing community based forests management (CBFM) initiative as one of the efforts to implement low emission forests development action plan. Learning from the cases were massive deforestation are happen in the big logging concession, the CBFM initiative were emerge as an option to mainstreaming good forests management that align with local economic development. The scheme has also be considered could bridge the concern on integrating customary rights within locally forests development. 

Esania village in Kaimana District could potentially be the example for West Papua to sharpening their action. The contradiction between de facto claim of customary right and de jure state forests governance has put local indigenous communities in a position where they find it difficult to benefit from government policy to manage their forests resources. There are 9 customary communities claiming over 26,205 ha of forests. Of these, 24,664 ha are production forests (94%) in the permanent, limited and conversion forests categories. About 60% of the area is secondary (logged over) forest. Timber is one of the most influence forest product to the incomes of community. Even-though they logged on their own customary right land but legally they been claiming as the illegal logging because no licenses in hand. From the land uses investment maps, the village are suitable for oil palm and rubber plantation. Government has also puts on their plan to expanding such farming products but some of the community are refused and stand in the position to manage their resources.

Geographically the village are part of the district that  recently established in 2002 with total areas about 18.500 Km2 and 49,000 population – 76% of which are poor people. It lays on the southeast peninsula of Papua Island. In terms of reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation the site are plays an important role. Kaimana District holds about 17% of the province’s forests or about 1.8 million ha – the second largest area with forests in the Province - and is 99% forested. Of this area about 1,055,737 Ha (57.07%) are production forests in which licenses can be granted for forestry- related investment. There are 5 local tribes that living in the region and have strong claim of customary rights over the land, forests and resources - this is acknowledged by the the government as the special issues and factor that influencing the pathway of forests development program in the region. So having a good best practices on how community could manages their resources legally and sustainable within their rights are the home works that the government has. 

Position of the locally control forests activities through village forests in Esania is crucial both for the district and the provinces to showing the how low carbon development would works at the community level with clear tenure rights and secure legal licenses from the Government. The recent study conducted by Samdhana institute and Papua State University shows that the Esania forests contain 7 million tonnes of carbon within there major types of forests: dry land primary forests, dry land secondary forests and swamp forests. The matrix bellow in summary provides us the complete analysis of above biomass calculation of carbon storing in Esania forests. 

No	Official Forest Function Category	Areas (ha)	Average CO2e tonnes/Ha	C-Stock In Esania (million tonnes CO2e)	%
1	Permanent Production	16,657.70	230	3.8	54
2	Limited Production	3,300.10	230	0.8	11
3	Conversion Production	4,706.40	230	1.1	15
4	Protection (mangrove)	1,381.00	1,028	1.4	20
5	Water body	160.10		0	0
	Total	26,205.80		7.1	100

This figures points out the importance of village forests and any locally control forests initiative in protection of carbon stock. Changing the forests covers in Esania from forests into non forests would have a directs implication to the increasing of carbon emission in the region.

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Publication: Indigenous Communities, Forest Resources and Options for REDD+ in the Buruway Sub-district, Kaimana District, West Papua

Tittle  : Indigenous Communities, Forest Resources and Options for REDD+ in the Buruway Sub-district, Kaimana District, West Papua

Author: Peter. N Wood
Year    : 2012






Summary

This report summarises the results of participatory research on livelihoods conducted in four villages in the Buruway sub-district, Kaimana Kabupaten, West Papua, and uses the results to discuss the possible consequences from different models of REDD+ implementation in the area. It highlights the choices facing community, local Government and other stakeholders, and makes a series of recommendations for the implementation of a 'pro-poor' REDD+ approach in the area.
During field work, villagers estimated that forest products contribute 42% of their household needs, with another 37% from farming, and 19% from fisheries. About 55% of these needs are met through direct collection/harvesting or barter (non-cash), and 45% from sales (cash). Forests are the largest provider of non-cash income (41% of all non-cash) and the second largest source of cash (34% of cash income is from forest products). Farming produces the largest proportion of cash needs (45%) and the second largest proportion of non-cash needs (38%). Overall, the results of the forests-poverty linkages toolkit emphasise that:

• forests are a vital source of a wide range of products that enable households to meet their cash and non-cash needs. This applies for men and women, poor and wealthy households
• a high proportion of households needs are met through non-cash sources. Any scheme (such as a REDD+ scheme) which plans to pay incentives or compensation for changes in people's livelihoods needs to recognise and properly value these non-cash sources.

The report describes four possible scenarios for implementation of a REDD+ project: through enforcement, compensation, collaboration, or community-ownership. Drawing on the field data, the likely consequences of each scenario for community livelihoods and for achieving REDD+ objectives are discussed, and each scenario is evaluated against with generic principles of a 'Pro-poor REDD+ approach'. The report concludes that only collaborative or community-based approaches have the potential to avoid harm and contribute to livelihoods.

Building on this analysis, two types of forest license which are widely used by REDD+ projects - village forest (community-owned) and ecosystem restoration (externally owned) - are discussed in terms of their implications for clarification of resource rights, benefit sharing, and resource and capacity requirements.

Finally, recommendations are made for action that can be taken by communities, local Government, the private sector and civil society, in order to ensure that implementation of REDD+ is Pro-poor:

• Clarify and secure customary rights over forest resources
• Provide local communities with adequate information and facilitate a process of deciding whether or not to accept a REDD+ project (implement Free Prior Informed Consent)
• Provide the capacity and technical support for overseeing implementation of Pro-poor REDD+

Full report can be downloaded in this following link: 

https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BygScToA2HKFUkN2c3FqdlFTOTg/view?usp=sharing

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Perlindungan Hutan dan Pembangunan Rendah Emisi di Provinsi Papua

Ringkasan,

Terlepas dari kontraversial karena kasus korupsi yang menjerat-nya, mantan Gubernur Papua, Barnabas Suebu, SH bagi saya adalah salah satu tokoh Papua yang masih berpikir jernih secara politis melihat posisi Papua dari kacamata lingkungan. Komitmen politis yang disampaikan pada saat kongress IUCN di Barcelona tahun 2008 yang terkait pembangunan rendah emisi di Provinsi Papua dan yang juga setahun sebelumnya bersama dengan Gubernur Kalifornioa Arnold Sawsneger mendeklarifikasi pembentukan forum para gubernur untuk pembangunan berkelanjutan adalah beberap bentuk langkah strategis yang dijajaki oleh Pak Suebu dalam rangka mendorong pembangunan Papua ke arah maintrim keberlanjutan dan konservasi. Beberapa pikiran penting beliau tuangkan dalam tulisan-tulisan sepert yang saya upload sekarang.

Tulisan ini secara pada, teoritis dan berbasis data menampilkan argumentasi-argumentasi kenapa Papua penting didalam upaya global mengurangi emisi dari sektor kehutanan dan lahan. Pak Bas juga secara baik mendeskripsikan konstruksi berpikir yang padat dengan ilustrasi-ilustrasi dan analisis keruangan yang harus dilihat sebagai refleksi untuk merevilitasi atau mungkin mereformasi program-program pembangunan kehutanan dan lahan yang masuk di Papua. Tekanan lingkungan akibat tekanan kebutuhan lahan dan ruang untuk pembangunan dan investasi di highlight menjadi ancaman positif yang harus dikelola dengan baik dalam rangka memastikan bahwa target-target pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah dapat berjalan tanpa harus mengorbankan sumber daya hutan Papua secara massive. Dibagian akhir Pak Bas menitipkan pesan bahwa investasi di Papua dalam bentuk dan tujuan apapun harus mampu mensejahterakan orang asli Papua tinggal kemudian bagaimana selanjutnya keseluruhan pikiran penting ini diterjemahkan oleh penerus penggerakn pembangunan di Provinsi Papua.

Tittle     : Perlindungan Hutan dan Ekonomi Rendah Karbon
Author  : Barnabas Suebu
Year      : 2008


DOWNLOAD 

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Learning From Customary Territories Mapping in Papua

Expanding Customary Boundary Mapping in Papua has emerging as the actions to bring more clarity of land rights and the maps is considered to be the bests tool for community to gets their customary land rights be recognized by government and public. Since 2006 Samdhana institute has working in this issues and putting mapping as the major concern. With the current ongoing Pro Poor REDD project funded by DANIDA Through IUCN HQ Swiss, Samdhana as the Indonesia implementation parts remain expanding mapping in Baliem Valley and Kaimana landscape.

This paper providing a reflection of mapping works that the projects does in Papua. Most the community organizing/mapping facilitator in Papua agree that the core of mapping is when all the community in collaboration discuss, draw and maps their territories based on social/anthropology  acknowledgement and bring it to the final common agreement. But mapping it self should not ended in the plain paper but should become the living document for the customary community to works on their land and rights problem. Please find the full reflection of customary boundary mapping in Papua in this link : https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BygScToA2HKFYURNR0JPUzV4WjQ/view?usp=sharing

We hope this reflection will help those who concern in customary boundary mapping to help the community secure and properly their territories and natural resources inside it.

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Tata Ruang Sebagai Instrument Spatial Penegasan Kesiapan Implementasi REDD+ di Papua

Boomingnya isu REDD dalam konteks kesempatan legal untuk akses benefit sebagai upaya dari satu wilayah hutan primer berkontribusi terhadap upaya perlindungan dan pengamanan karbon disambut baik secara global termasuk di Papua. Phase persiapan dan inisiasi awal kemudian dilakukan baik melalui mekanisme voluntary, join partnership agreement antar pemerintah maupun pilot action melalui NGO. Sebagai wilayah dengan tutupan hutan primer yang masih baik di Indonesia, Papua kemudian merespon isu ini dengan aksi-aksi persiapan termasuk didalammnya membangun tata ruang untuk memberikan kepastian legal kawasan dimana skema REDD atau REDD+ ini bisa diimplementasikan dan maupun dimonitor, diukur dan evaluasi performa penyelematan karbon hutannya dalam cakupan spasial tertentu yang disepakati. Posisi penting Tata Ruang juga dipandang penting sebagai kerangka hukum ruang bagi setiap initiative skema REDD atau pembangunan rencana emisi yang ingin dilaksanakan. 

Srategi dan rencana aski untuk implementasi REDD+ kemudian digagas dibawah koordinasi Papua Low Carbon Development Task Force yang dibentuk oleh Gubernur Barnabas Suebu dengan Bapak Agus Rumansara sebagai ketua harian pelaksana tim kerja ini. Pada diskusi awal dengan Bappeda Papua dihighlight bahwa "Penataan ruang mengambil peran penting dalam sektor LULUCF di Daerah. Kepastian ruang merupakan dasar penting dalam mengontor aktifitas penggunaan ruang didalamnya. Pemerintah dalam peranturannyannya No 26 tahun 2007 memberikan aturan dalam penyusunan tata ruang di tingkat Propinsi dan Kabupaten. Untuk konteks REDD+, kepastian ruang untuk mengimplementasikan REDD+ menjadi satu faktor kunci yang perlu dipastikan diawal sebelum melakan persiapan teknis lain untuk mendukung implementasi proyek. Pemerintah daerah sebagai “provider” perlu secara jelas merencakan ruang untuk setiap aktifitas pembangunan rendah karbon termasuk REDD+. Status dan fungsi ruang, alokasi peruntukannya  dan jaminan pengeloaannya dengan sebuah regulasi juga merupakan instrument-instrument  prasyarat kelayakan pemanfaatan ruang". Dalam perkembanganya kemudian Task Force secara aktif ikut mendukung penyelesaian dokumen RTRW Provinsi dengan beberapa asistensi teknis terutama untuk mempertegas delineasi dan prinsip-prinsip dasar yang harus dimuat dalam tata ruang terkait dengan pembangunan Rendah Emisi. 

Karena dipandang sebagai kerang legal spasial dan acuan juridis arah pemanfaatan kawasan serta untuk menjadi REDD+ bisa berjalan efektif di Papua, dipertegas bahwa "Tata ruang disyaratkat disusun dengan proses partisipatif dan integratif dengan mengakomodir ruang pembangunan nasional, daerah dan masyarakat didalamnya. Aspek sosial-budaya menjadi bagian penting lain yang harus diperhatikan dan diakomodir dalam tata ruang. Tata ruang juga mengakomodir kesepakatan batas antar wilayah administrasi kabupaten/kota". 

Peta arahan pemanfaatan kawasan strategis provinsi Papua didlam RTRWP Provinsi Draft Terakhir. Arsir hijau adalah alokasi untuk pembangunan rendah emisi.

Keadaan saat ini

Sampai dengan saat ini masih berlaku Peraturan Daerah Tingkat I Irian Jaya Nomor 2 Tahun 1993 tentang Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW) Propinsi Irian Jaya, yang disusun berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 1992 tentang Penataan Ruang. Berdasarkan perkembangan wilayah yang terjadi dan pemekaran daerah yang terjadi di Provinsi Papua maka RTRW Propinsi Irian Jaya sudah tidak mampu lagi mengakomodasi dinamika pengembangan wilayah yang terjadi serta pengembangan wilayah ke depan dalam rangka perwujudan pembangunan berkelanjutan di Provinsi Papua.

Undang-Undang Nomor 26 Tahun 2007 tentang Penataan Ruang, sebagai pengganti dari Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 1992 tentang Penataan Ruang, mengamanatkan penyusunan rencana tata ruang wilayah (RTRW) dan bagi RTRW Provinsi berjangka 2 (dua) tahun setelah Undang-Undang Penataan Ruang ditetapkan. Implikasi dari UUPR yang baru tersebut menjadi tanggung jawab Pemerintah Provinsi Papua untuk menyusun Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW) Provinsi Papua. Penyusunan RTRW Provinsi Papua dilakukan semenjak Tahun 2008 dengan memaksimalkan keterlibatan pemangku kepentingan di Provinsi Papua. Sampai dengan saat ini RAPERDA RTRW Provinsi Papua telah mendapatkan Persetujuan Substansi dari Menteri Pekerjaan Umum yaitu dengan SK Menteri Pekerjaan Umum Nomor Nomor: HK.01/03-Mn/115 Tanggal 30 Maret 2011. Evaluasi RAPERDA RTRW Provinsi Papua dilakukan setelah RAPERDA RTRW Provinsi Papua mendapatkan persetujuan substansi dari Menteri Pekerjaan Umum dan persetujuan substansi kehutanan dari Menteri Kehutanan.

Persetujuan substansi kehutanan harus didapatkan oleh RAPERDA RTRW Provinsi Papua karena di dalam rencana pola ruang mensyaratkan adanya perubahan kawasan hutan di Provinsi Papua, baik perubahan peruntukan maupun perubahan fungsi kawasan hutan. Sehubungan dengan hal tersebut maka dilakukan proses perubahan kawasan hutan di Provinsi Papua melalui mekanisme penelitian terpadu. Sampai dengan saat ini, dimulai dengan Kegiatan Harmonisasi dan Sinkronisasi Kawasan Hutan dan Perairan yang dilaksanakan pada Agustus 2009 maka pada proses perubahan kawasan hutan telah melalui 9 (sembilan) kali pertemuan tim terpadu, peninjauan lapangan dan uji konsisten. Terakhir pada Kamis, 21 Juli 2011 dilakukan paparan hasil penelitian terpadu oleh Tim Terpadu kepada Menteri Kehutanan. Dari hasil penelitian terpadu maka direkomendasikan luas kawasan hutan di Provinsi Papua adalah 30.917.673 Ha (atau 94,34% dari luas wilayah Provinsi Papua) serta usulan perubahan kawasan hutan di Provinsi Papua tidak memiliki dampak penting, dampak cakupan luas dan dampak strategis sehingga perubahan kawasan hutan di Provinsi Papua tidak memerlukan persetujuan DPR RI. Implikasi dari Paparan Tim Terpadu kepada Menteri Kehutanan tersebut maka usulan perubahan kawasan hutan Provinsi Papua akan mendapatkan Surat Keputusan Penunjukan Kawasan Hutan yang baru, setelah syarat administrasi penandatanganan peta perubahan kawasan hutan ditandatangani oleh Gubernur dan Bupati/Walikota se Provinsi Papua.

Ruang hijau 94% di kawasan hutan Papua merupakan peluang untuk implementasi kegiatan-kegiatan ekonomi rendah emisi. Untuk melengkapi RTRWP juga Papua menyiapkan visi pembangunan berkelanjutan yang dijadikan dasar dalam mengawal dan mengawasi pemanfaatan ruang di Papua. Ruang-ruang strategis yang menjadi ruang hidup masyarakat dan sumber biodiversity Papua akan dipertahankan. Visi 100 tahun kedepan adalah membangun kualitas manusia Papua dengan tetap mempertahankan kekayaan sumber daya alam-nya. Visi Papua 2100 juga menekankan Papua akan menjadi perhatian dunia karena mampu mempertahankan hutan untuk penyelamatan lingkungan.

Untuk kegiatan-kegiatan pembangunan rendah karbon termasuk REDD+ belum disebutkan secara jelas dalam RTRWP yang ada. Namun dalal rencana strategis pola dan struktur ruang RTRWP telah mendaptkan perhatian untuk menunjuk beberapa kawasan strategis propinsi untuk pengembangan pembangunan ekonomi rendah karbon.

Dimasukannya ruang kampung dalam RTRW menjadi salah satu kekhususan RTRWP Papua sebagian kampung didalamnya juga diberikan ruang APL untuk pembangunan kampung. Raperdasi RTRWP papua juga menekankan pemetaan ruang masyarakat sebagai bagian yang harus dilakukan pada tingkatan kabupaten. Karena di Papua, ruang adat sebagai tempat hidup masyarakat adat di Kampung-Kampung di Papua menjadi salah satu isi kunci dalam tata ruang. Gubernur Papua menginstruksikan “I want to put my people on the plan” sebagai bagian dari komitmen dan konsep pembangunan daerah berbasis masyarakat. Kebijakan ruang kampung juga didukung dengan kebijakan daerah tentang program RESPEK (Rencana Strategis Pembangunan Kampung).

Apa yang harus dilakukan/oleh siapa?

Pertanyaan penting tentunya harus dijawab di Papua adalah apa yang harus dilakukan dan siapa yang harus melakukan aksi tersebut untuk memastikan tata ruang terselesaikan dan mengakomodir kepenting kepastian legal spasial kawasan utuk imlementasi REDD+ di Papua? 

Dalam beberapa diskusi lanjutan kemudian didaftarkan beberapa aksi dan tanggung jawab yang urgent dan penting dilakukan untuk percepatan persiapan spasial dan tata ruang untuk implementasi REDD+ di Papua. Beberapa aksi tersebut diantaranya: 

• Pemerintah daerah propinsi dan kabupaten akan mengambil peran penting di fase awal kegiatan proyek. PEMDA memastikan bahwa ada ruang yang bisa dimanfaatkan untuk mendukung implementasi proyek REDD+. Dengan mengacu pada aturan daerah dan nasional yang ada wilayah ditentukan secara partisipatif. Pada fase ini Dinas Kehutana, BAPPEDA, BPSDALH dan PU akan berperan
• Menyiapkan unit registrasi ruang adat masyarakat Papua untuk mendukung kejelasan status ruang masyarakat. Unit ini merupakan bagian dari lembaga REDD+/Pembangunan Ekonomi Rendah Carbon Papua. Selanjutnya perlu memastikan bahwa ruang yang dialokasikan untuk pengembangan program ekonomi rendah karbon sudah terdaftar. Menyiapkan instrument abitrase dan penyelesaian konflik ruang masyarakat
• Investor agar tetap memperhatikan UU penanaman modal dan pemanfaatan ruang di Daerah, termasuk menghormati alokasi dan pola ruang yang ada. Membangun koordinasi dan komunikasi
• Delineasi dan digitasi batas-batas wilayah yang akan diusulkan untuk REDD+. Selanjutnya peta hasil delineasi dan digitasi tersebut di overlay dengan peta tutupan kawasan dan RTRW yang ada didaerah untuk memastikan bahwa ruang yang diusulkan tidak dibebani ijin pemanfaatan lahan lain dan sesuai dengan peruntukannya.
• Menetapakan criteria dan indicator yang akan digunakan sebagai bahan evaluasi dan monoting perkembangan proyek di Lapangan. Pemertintah daerah lewat kelembagaan yang dibentuk menetapkan sistem MRV – terutama untuk pemanfaatan ruang yang ada untuk mengontrol dan menjamin aktifitas dijalankan sesuai dengan perencanaannya.

Secara keseluruhan kepastian tata ruang dalam hal dasar legal kawasan untuk implementasi REDD+ adalah krusial untuk memberikan kepastian hukum pelaksanaan REDD dan memberikan kepastian hukum terhadap law enforcement, reward dan punishment yang kemudian bisa diatur dalam kesepakatan kerjasama REDD+. 

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Pelatihan Teknis di Kampung Asai; Menyiapkan Kader-Kader PHBM Pulau Yapen.

Area Konsesi IUPHHK-MHA Yera Asai - Hutan Di Sekitar Kampung Asai Distrik Windesi, Yapen

Tanggal 5 - 9 Oktober 2011 di Kampung Asai, Distrik Windesi Kabupaten Kepulauan Yapen satu paket pelatihan dan pendidikan dasar calon-calon pengelola hutan dilakukan atas kerjasama Dinas Kehutanan Provinsi Papua, Telapak dan The Samdhana Insititute. Kegiatan yang digagas merespon dikeluarkannya SK Gubernur kepada beberapa koperasi masyarakat di Papua untuk mengelelola sumber daya hutannya mengikuti Amanat Perdasus 21 Tahun 2008 Tentang pengelolaan Hutan Lestari di Provinsi Papua. Skema yang kemudian lebih dikenal dengan nama IUPHHK-MHA (Ijin Usaha Pemanfaatan Hasil Hutan Kayu Masyarakat Hukum Adat) ini sejak pelatihan ini digagas sudah dikeluarkan 7 ijin konsesi oleh Gubernur Papua termasuk didalamnya Koperasi Yera Asai dan Koperasi Papuma di Kabupaten Kepulauan Yapen.


Dalam diskusi persiapan training camp, Pak Marthen Kayoi selaku pengarah kegiatan menegaskan bahwa "penyiapan orang-orang kunci untuk mampu melakukan tata kelola, menyusun perencanaan sampai pengaturan produksi hasil hutan kayu menjadi kebutuhan saat ini. Karena dinas kehutanan sudah memfasilitasi perijinan, akan memberikan bantuan alat dan kemudian modal awal untuk operasional mereka". Lebih lanjut dalam pengkerangkaan kegiatan Lindon Pangkaly selaku senior menambahkan "penguatan kelembagaan koperasi dan tata usaha bisnis kayu yang akan dilakukan oleh masyarakat sehingga pembobotan materi diskusi harus bisa diperpadat pada bagian tersebut". Merangkum kesemuan perhatian ini, tim Telapak dibawah koordinasi Pak Ambrosius Ruwindrijarto atau lebih akrab Mas Ruwi mengemas paket training ini dalam beberapa wilayah pengetahuan dan ketrampilan berikut yang dinilai relefan dengan kebutuhan pengembangan kerja-kerja koperasi IUPHHK-MHA di Papua:

• Kerangka hukum dan kebijakan: pemahaman dan pengembangan strategi berdasarkan pada situasi terkini hukum dan kebijakan di Papua. Terutama dalam hubungannya dengan Instrument Otsus dan UU Kehutanan seperti: Perdasus, Pergub, SK Kepala Dinas Kehutanan, Pengembangan KPH, Penetapan RTRWP, Peraturan menyangkut kelembagaan masyarakat adat, aturan tata usaha kayu dan aturan-aturan lain yang terkait dengan pengembangan pemanfaatan hasil hutan kayu dan pembangunan ijin industri kayu rakyat. 
• Pengorganisasi dan pengembangan kewirausahaan masyarakat: pendidikan atau training pada bagian ini di tegaskan pada pengembangan pemahaman dan kemampuan pembangunan kapasitas dalam hal pengorganisasian komunitas, lansekap sosial - budaya, kewirausahaan dan koperasi masyarakat adat. 
• Kehutanan dan Indistri Kayu Rakyat. Bagian ini perlu diangkat khusus pada pengembangan kepasitas dan pengetahuan semua tanggung jawab teknis terkait community logging mulai dari perencanaan, pemetaan dan penyiapan areal kerja, inventarisasi potensi, penghitungan produksi sampai dengan produksi dan pemasaran hasil. Serta lebih lanjut memahami pembangunan industri perkayuan dan sertifikasi pengelolaan hasih hutan kayu. 

Secara keseluruhan point-point diatas yang kemudian menjadi titik pijak pengembangan paket belajar dan alur proses belajar bersama masyarakat adat dan kopermas di Kampung Asai. 

Training dipadatkan Materinya

Sekalipun banyak berubah dari skenario awal terutama karena beberapa pemateri kunci misalnya Pak Marthen Kayoi dan Silverius Oskar Unggul, Bani Susilo dan Nawa Iriantor tidak bisa terlibat training kemudian tetap berjalan dengan optimal. Ada 6 fasilitator yang secara aktif mengambil peran fasilitasi ini yaitu: (1) Mas Ruwi sendiri yang memberikan pengantar tentang Telapak, Samdhana dan pembangunan community logging. (2) Khusnul dari Telapak yang memberikan materi tentang kelembagaan koperasi pengelola sumber daya hutan. (3) Sandika Ariansyah dari Telapak yang memberikan materi tentang perkenalan dasar-dasar konsep, prosedur dan standar pemetaan partisipatif, (4) Abdul Maal dari Koperasi KHJL Konawe memberikan materi tentang pengalaman pengelolaan hutan bersertifikasi oleh masyarakat. (5) Pak Sungat dari Koperasi KWLM di Kulon Progo yang juga memberikan materi yang sama dengan Pak Maal. Dan (6) Yunus Yumte dari Samdhana institute yang memberikan materi tentang pengukuran pohon dan kayu dasar-dasar inventarisasi hutan. Lebih jauh praktek dilakukan disekitar kampung dengan mengambil beberapa contoh kasus yang ada dan bisa dijadikan media praktek.

Pembukaan dan Pengantar Oleh Mas Ruwi, Talapak. 

Mereka yang terlibat sebagian besar adalah dari Kampung Asai, Papuma, Windesi dan Aisau dimana secara administrasi ada yang tergabung dalam koperasi Yera Asai dan Koperasi di Papuma ada juga yang bukan anggota tetapi ingin mempelajari urusan pengelolaan hutan berbasis masyarakat. Total ada sekitar 33 peserta yang terlibat. Pak Terianus Ayomi misalnya beliau adalah ketua koperasi Yera Asai bersama personilnya secara aktif mengikuti keseluruhan proses training.

Dalam sambutan pembukaannya ya Mas Ruwi mengatakan bahwa "kegiatan ini dirancang untuk terus membantu perluasan cerita sukses tentang bagaimana masyarakat mengelola sumber daya hutannya dengan Baik. Telapak adalah salah satu lembaga yang sejauh ini secara serius menggarap urusan community logging sehingga tetap terus terpanggil untuk berbagi ilmu dan pengalaman kepada semua masyarakat". Sambutan ini sekaligus membuka acara kegiatan bersama dengan kepala Distrik Windesi yang hadir dalam kegiatan ini. Mas Ruwi kemudian melanjutkan dengan memberikan gambaran dan cerita singkat bagaimana selama ini comlog dibangun serta tantangan yang dihadapi serta bagaimana kerja-kerja seperti NGO telapak dan Samdhana mengambil peran. Sebagai mantan Direktur Samdhana dan sekarang masih aktif sebagai board di Samdhana, Mas Ruwi juga sekaligus memperkenalkan dan menceritakan siapa itu Samdhana dan bagaimana Samdhana itu bekerja. Dua koperasi yang mana aktor kunci terlibat yaitu itu KWLM (koperasi Wana Lestari Menoreh) dan KHJL (Koperasi Jaya Hutan Lestari) adalah contoh bagaimana inisiatif community logging yang dibangun bersama dengan masyarakat secara mampu bersaing dengan konsesi kehutanan lain dan menunjukan performa pengelolaan hutan lestari. Bagaimana tidak KHJL misalnya Pada tahun 2005 - 2011 telah mendapatkan sertifikasi FSC atas kemampung menata usaha hasil hutan kayu dari total 33 units yang dikelola lebih dari 1000 anggota koperasinya.

Pendalaman tentang perkoperasian sebagaimana dibawakan oleh Pak Khusnul dari telapak dan dilengkapi oleh Abdul Maal dan Supangat menitik beratkan pada membangun pemahaman dan pengetahuan dasar-dasar perkoperasian. Materi yang dipadatkan pada aspek sejarah, definisi dan prisip perkoresian dan aturan main didalam koperasi ini di sampaikan untuk membantu masyarakat terutama pengurus koperasi IUPHHK-MHA seperti Pak Terianus Ayomi di Kampung Asai untuk mengerti dan melihat kembali kepada kesiapan lembaga yang sudah dibangun dan sudah juga diberikan dukungan oleh pemerintah. Materi Pak Khusnul kemudian di tutup dengan melihat bagaimana tata cara perhitungan sisa hasil usaha dalam koperasi dengan contoh perhitungn usaha yang disusun sebagai simulasi bersama. Menambahkan point Pak Khusnul, Pak Abdul Maal mengangkat pengalaman bahwa "kerja-kerja comlog akan berjalan efektif apabila koperasi tertata baik dan semua anggota aktif menjalankan tugas dan tanggung jawab sebagaimana tata aturan main didalam perkoperasian".

Contoh Hitungan

KAYU BALOK ATAU KAYU OLAHAN CHAINSAW

Rumus standar = panjang (p) x Lebar (l) x Tinggi (t)

Panjang balok : 4 m, Lebar balok, 10 cm, tinggi balok 10 cm. Untuk menghitung volume balok tersebut: (1) Satuan lebar dan tinggi dijadikan satuan meter dgn cara : 10/100=0,1. (2) volume kayu balok tersebut dapat dihitung dengan cara: Vol = 4 x 0,1 x 0,1 = 0,04 m³ per batang. (3) Untuk memperoleh 1 meter kubik dibutuhkan balok sebanyak := 1 di bagi 0,04 = 25 batang  ( balok ukuran 10 cm x10 cm x 4 m )

Materi lanjutan yang lebih teknis kemudian berlanjut dengan: teknis dan metode pengukuran pohon dalam inventarisasi hutan, penghitungan kubikasi sampai dengan pencatatan stock dan potensi kayu yang ingin ditebang. Yunus Yumte kemudian mencoba untuk berbagi ilmu-ilmu kehutanan dasar seperti penentuan diameter setinggi data (Dbh), tinggi total (Tt), tinggi bebas cabang (Tbc) serta angka bentuk yang menjadi dasar utama dalam penghitungan volume pohon (Vp). Bersama-sama belajar melakukan pengukuran lapangan dan menghidup volume pohon dengan rumus Vp = 1/4.π .D2.T.ff  . Serta dilanjutkan dengan penghitungan bersama sortimen pembagian batang dan bagaimana mengetahui jumlah kayu ketika ada pesanan dari pembeli. Misalnya pembeli pesan kayu 2 m³  bagaimana masyarakat bisa menghitungnya dan berapa jumlah batang/kayu gergajian yang sebenarnya harus diberikan masyarakat apabila satuan kayu gergajian yang dihasilkan adalah 10 cm x 5 cm? Hal-hal teknis ini yang kemudian dipadatkan dalam training singkat dan pengenalan tata cara pengukuran dan pencatatan pohon. 

Pekerjaan Rumah Menanti di Koperasi Yera Asai dan Koperasi Papuma

Secara keseluruhan kegiatan berjalan lancar sekalipun sekalipun kita sebagai fasilitator sadar bahwa dengan waktu yang relative singkat, tentu belum mampu menjawab keseluruhan kebutuhan pembangunan pemahaman dan kemampuan masyarakat yang apabila dilihat lebih jauh semua tidak memiliki pendidikan kehutanan dan sebagian besar adalah para orang tua. Terlepas dari itu, fakta bahwa hutan di wilayah koperasi Yera Asai dengan konsesi 3800 ha masih sangat potensial dengan padatnya tegakan Merbau, Mator, Benuang dan beberapa jenis rimba campuran lainnya. Selain dari pada persoalan kemampuan, persoalan sosial mengenai batas wilayah adat, keterlibatan masyarakat dan pengaturan pengelolaan mengikuti kepentingan komunitas kelihatan menjadi PR dasar yang perlu diselesaikan. Pak Terianus Ayomi pada saat refleksi internal dengan tim Samdhana - Telapak mengatakan bahwa "sebagia besar areal kerja koperasi Yera Asai masuk pada wilayah adat orang windesi seperti Marga Abubar dan Marga Puari, sehingga harus diselesaikan dulu urusan adat dengan mereka. Diskusi harus dibangun dulu dengan tua-tua adatnya terutama bagaimana mekanisme bagi hasil nanti supaya saya tidak dituntut bayar hak ulayat adat". Tantangan lain yang dihadapi juga adalah bagaimana pendampingan yang minim dan pekerjaan teknis serta pengaturan legal yang lebih banyak langsung dikerjakan oleh pemerintah dan diserahkan kepada pengurus koperasi sehingga ada kekhawatiran bahwa sebenarnya pengurus koperasi sendiri belum memahami bagaimana kondisi rill hutannya dan bagaimana tanggung jawab legal administrasi yang harus mereka penuhi. 

Sadar bahwa dukungan dari pihak luar dibutuhkan, masyarakat Asai mengusulkan agar ada pendampingan dan fasilitasi lebih dekat dari LSM seperti telapak. Rumusan tindaklanjut disusun sebagai upaya melanjutkan kerja-kerja mengisi gap legal, teknis dan sosial yang bisa menjadi penghambat kerja-kerja koperasi di Asai dan Papua.   

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Executive summary Eco-Forestry Program in Kaimana Working with PERDU Foundation and the Community in Esania

Background

Community based forest management (CBFM) or the eco-forestry is one way to involving forest depending community in the forest management on the legal frame with good capacity. Making sure that they are able to manage the forest sustainably was the task of the supervisor. The acknowledgment and legalization of area which would be manages under good support and control is the good first step.

The participatory livelihood research that conducted by IUNC-Perdu in this area shown that forest products provide significant source to the community live. Timber, rattan, sago, medicine, fruits and vegetable are the important products that people can get from the forests. As a tradition they had managed the forest – it was their home and their kitchen. Time after time forests give significant impact to the community income. Whether cash or non-cash income. Participatory livelihood research mentioned that some community who live nearest to the market or urban area will have significant cash income from forest. They will easy to collect or gather forests products then sold it to the town. While those who live far from urban area will spending more of what they get from forests for their daily needs.

                                             

Esania, the village where PERDU[1] work with supporting by Samdhana, to fulfill their cash income they are spends more time to take the timber from the forest and sell it to the town. Compared with Kensi the other village that researched which is lie on the highland Kaimana and far enough to reached from town – need about 6 hours by boat to be there - people in Kensi spends more time to manage their cropland, collect and gather from the forest. Almost all products that they produce are mainly for daily consumption. For cash they are usually go to collect masohi or lawang[2]. In current time some of them especially young and adult people are involve in Government project for their cash income.

As a new regency in West Papua Province the development in Kaimana is increase. They face new challenge to manage their natural resources for regional development. Building materials is one of the most important needs to the infrastructure development. Each year a lot of new house and building is built. Road is opened and logistic is need. This need stock for reserves in supporting the development in Kaimana. Timber it’s self is one of which is import. The annual need of timber for housing and building in Kaimana is more than 500 m³. It was taken from the forest around the city of Kaimana. government don’t forbid them even though there is no legal permission that they have to manage the timber forest product. Some of the area from which the timber is takeout to town is the protected area – mainly the area nearest to town and can be reached by truck. The others is taken away using long-boat – such as Esania.

Such dilemma is also faced by people in Esania. They are more depending in timber as their cash income. On the hand regulatory the timber that they were took from forest is not legal. Based on the forest cover map the Esaian is on state forest and covered several forest types – production, conversion and protection. Currently in some eastern part is log over area. 5 years ago there is logging concession in this area they took the timber from the forest. For the community they gave the compensation as the reward towards land right acknowledgment.

PERDU-Samdhana Program in Kaimana

In 2007 the IUCN program called LLS (Landscape and Livelihood Strategy) is implemented. They got grant from Dutch Government to ran the program on 24 sites in the world- two of which are in Indonesia – 3 years grant. In Indonesia IUCN worked with Samdhana Institute and CIFOR. The basic idea of this project is to give an input to the decision maker in the site in how to manage their landscape and the livelihood insides. We chose Baliem Valley in high land and Bomberay Peninsula in lowland and coastal area as sites for study. On those two sites several tools and methodology to see the livelihood and landscape management is conducted. Stella dynamic model, forest poverty toolkits and non-timber forest product assessment are amount of tools that been applied in those two landscape. They are helped to see how rich the natural resources that people have, how they depend on them and how the landscape changes over time in several choices of development scenario.  

In Kaimana, process is began with preliminary assessment is conducted by Yalihimo[3]. Some assessment are also been done by UNIPA – Biodiversity, livelihood and GIS analysis to the land cover. On the early of 2008 PERDU been asked to joined this program as facilitator. As a part of the supporting to capacity building PERDU asked the PEMALI[4] to joined in the program. They started to facilitate the multi stakeholder meeting in Kaimana involving community, government and NGO. This going to the recommendation that the intervention program would be ran in two sites in Kaimana – Esania in coastal and lowland and Kensi in highland of Kaimana. This recommendation then been followed up in the 2^nd meeting at the end of 2008 in Kaimana. The LLS leaders from IUCN are took part.

As part of the program landscape dynamic modeling been applied. This involved the representative from Government Agency in Kaimana. Together with the CIFOR team the Kaimana landscape model were built. Then the Forest Poverty Toolkit or participatory livelihood research is applied. Team is trained by Mrs. Gill Shepherd from IUCN about how to use the toolkit. The application is conducted in 3 village; first in Esania together with Mrs. Gill, in Kensi and Gaka. This toolkit is used to help program seen how community livelihood and their dependency to the natural resources – how the distance to market or urban area influence their cash and non-cash income. This tools is helped program to provide the general pictures about land right; decision to natural resources manage – who has high authority to make the decision towards their NRM. Also provided us the list of natural resources that been usage by the community – included list of potential timber that been sold so far.

On the participatory livelihood assessment it’s founded that a lot of Esania community cash income is from timber. On the other hand there is no legal permission that the people have to get the timber from the forest. All people in Esania even said that they don’t know the forestry regulation or other regulation that they should know to manage their natural resources. And the forestry officials are never come to the village to socialized those regulation. They are in the position as a victim when there is an operation by Police or forestry ranger. As a recommendation we know that they need to be facilitated to manage their natural resource which beneficiary for them on the legal frame.

Answer that recommendation the team try to find the legal frame to help community solve their problem. The PERMENHUT 49/2008 about “Hutan Desa” is been chosen and used as the way to get the legal permission in community based forest management. Team agreed to learned more over this PERMENHUT. Communication and discussion is conducted with several stakeholder – included department of forestry in Jakarta, to find the detail steps to push this HD in Esania. Program also facilitated the establishment of the cooperative in this area

“Hutan Desa” a Choice for Esania

The condition where people are depending to their timber for cash income; but the timber they take from forest is regulatory not legal and on the hand the local government in the position of doubting to allowed or forbid community to cut their trees makes community in un-comforts position to manage their forest – timber forest product. The long distance transportation, low prices of timber in town, limited capacity of boat to load the timber, the weakness of the bargaining position are others non-legal factors that influences the timber management of the community in Esania.

Beside this condition, the other issues that would influence the livelihood and landscape in buruway was the high demand of land to oil palm in Kaimana. One part which based on the land suitability map is appropriate is Buruway – include Esania. There are several oil palm companies that had sent their proposal to the government to this area[5]. The last is by PT. Rajawali which is asking 20,000 ha to oil palm expansion. Some village leader had been invited to visited several places in Sumatra and Borneo which the company has. From the model that been provided by CIFOR team and The Government officials it can be seen that in scenario business as usual there would have a lot of changes in the landscape. Model also shown that the increasing of migrant in this area will have positive correlation with the expansion of oil palm – because most of people around this area don’t have good skill and knowledge to fulfill the company needs. 

Team agreed to put PERMENHUT 49/2008 as a legal frame that will be pushed to make sure the acknowledgment of community base forest management in Esania. Communication and facilitation to the community is realized. Team started to introduce and trained the technical skill in forest mapping and measurement. This training is continued with the boundary mapping. Clarity of the area is the precondition of preparation to propose “hutan desa”. People and their facilitator need to make sure that the area is on the state forest with in production and protection function. Then they must make sure that it is out of concession – no other land usage permission. Mapping and overlaying with the existing land cover maps in Forestry department is the step to complete this precondition. During this process socialization to all stakeholders is conducted. Working with Forestry Department West Papua Province the “hutan desa” workshop is under taken. Then it continued with the work shop in Kaimana. The elders from Esania are taken part on those two workshops.

This regulation is considered as a window to catch the chance for the community to get legal permission in managing their natural resources/forest. Consultation with Indonesian Forestry Department in Jakarta is been undertook. They are in position of support this program, they hoped that this would be one best practice for Papua. Some worried are comes during the consultation – whether people can manage their forest sustainably or not? To make sure that the stake holder related to this program is understand the “hutan desa” concepts based on the PERMENHUT the representative from forestry Department is take part as a facilitator on both workshops.

The documents to propose ‘hutan desa’ to Ministry of Forestry is prepared. Village profile, boundary map, cooperative and letter by village leader is gotten. The letter and requirement documents had been given to the Bupati then it will be sent to the ministry of forestry to get it verification and recognition as “hutan desa”.

Cooperative

Villager capacity preparedness is the main key theme in the 1^st phase of program. Recommendation to establish a cooperative in this area is comes out. People had have willingness to manage their natural resources with good management system. They are hoped to get more benefit from the forest, land and river.

Cooperative is established, training for their capacity building is facilitated, administration requirement is completed and their office in village is constructed. Cooperative structure and personal is fulfilled and ready to work. Capacity building in cooperative and natural resources management is the vital needs currently to make sure that they are understand who to run and manage this institution.

Stakeholders Response

Monitoring and evaluation (monev) towards the program in Kaimana had been undertaken by Mr. Restu Achmadiadi (The Pusaka Staff)[6]. This monev is aimed to see how the program achievement, communities and government body responses. It also want to know how the facilitation and supervision by facilitator in the village – the weakness and the advantages.    

Basically the community in Esania is happy and welcome to any community development program coming in village. Indeed they have a willingness to support such program as far as it’s comes to help them increase their livelihood. So far some of the villager is taken part on the activities that conducted by program. They had heard and knew the previous activities. The hoped cooperative could run properly so it can help them in marketing their natural resources products.

District Government is also feels that this was a chance for the community to get legal access to manage their natural resources. They had an experience before when the vice Bupati gave the saw-mill to the community but because they don’t have legal permission by government to manage the timber so it’s not work anymore. On the other side community empowerment to increase their social-economic welfare is one pole program of district government. They see this program as a new chance for the community to manage their forest in the legal frame.

Provincial and central forestry department are in line with what been though. They put their position in supporting this program. Continues communication among stakeholder is undertaken to make sure that program is known by those who are concerned on this subject.

Lesson by This Program

1.      Multi stakeholder engagement: since the program was started until now a number of stake holder are being involved – such as Central Government (Ministry of Forestry), Provincial Government, Papua University, Kaimana Government, NGOs and the community. All parties are provides significant inputs to the program. New approach in multi stakeholder engagement is been proved as one effective way to livelihood and landscape management. Support for this program is come from the head of the district, the head of forestry department, community even the forestry department in Jakarta.

2.      Community Empowerment: experience in Papua when there is a Kopermas Program that allowed local community to get their timber without any supports and control has caused big problem in illegal logging. Most of those that get kopermas permission are joined with the company or investor to cut down the tree in large number. Even some of them should be jailed because be claimed not respect to the forestry and criminal regulation. In kaimana since it become new disctrict the increasing on timber demand to support the district development be a driven variable to the increasing community activity on forests to take the timber. On the other side government is doubt to forbid or support the community – worried to legal deviation. This situation going to several conclusions that the community is need to be supported and controlled to manage their natural resources. They are needs to understand the legalization and acknowledgement through government permission.  They are needs to be more secure in manage it.

3.      Capacity building: along with program capacity building process is one of the goal to achieved. Local partners and the community have gets additional knowledge and skill during activities. Mapping, modeling, cooperative and livelihood assessment are all kind of activities for the capacity building process. Several workshop and training are also conducted during program in order to increase partner capacity in support the program. Community are also took part on several training and workshop.

4.      Customary boundary mapping: this was one activity that been implemented in Kaimana during the program. This aimed to provide evidence document about area which was claimed belong to some tribe, clan or family. In Kaimana, Esania was the first village that been mapped it boundary. After mapped it be recognized by neighbor village. People happy to welcome this process, and they hope that this would be best document for their next generation. After Esania, this activity is being continued in Tairi – the next village after Esania which lay on the other branch of the Buruway river. After those two villages be mapped, the other village is requested to the program to help them in mapping their boundary.

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[1] PERDU: Local NGO based in Manokwari working on the issues of natural resources management and conservation. Focusing also in community empowering facilitation.

[2] Masohi : kind of wood that grow in highland (200 – 500 m.asl) around bomberay peninsula. It is used for parfum. People are always take it barks, dried then sell to the town.

Lawang : Kind of local wood grow in highland. People take it bark and distillated the produced become an oil.

[3] Yalihimo: The local NGO based in Manokwari, working on the issues of community empowering, cooperative, organizing and natural resource management.

[4] PEMALI: Kaiman based NGO, working in community empowering and natural resources management. 

[5] Information got from Pak SEKDA (District Secretary)

[6] Acmaliadi, R. 2011. LAPORAN PENGAMATAN PERKEMBANGAN KEGIATAN KAIMANA. Jakarta

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