Aya Mbefo – Penjaga Burung Chendrawasih di Kampung Iwin, Tambrauw

 Photo: Aya Mbefo, di lokasi pengamatan burung chendrawasih di Kampung Iwin. Tambrauw

‘’bahhhh… bahaa… bahhh babaaaa… ha ha ha ha” suara dan gerakan isyarat penuh semangat dicampur tawa keluar dari lelaki muda yang ternyata seoarng difable bisu dan tuli ini. Dengan gaya khas seorang difable tuli-bisu dia menceritakan kepada saya tempat bermain burung cendrawasih serta berusaha menjelaskan banyaknya jumlah, jenis burung-burung ditempat itu dan menginformasikan kapan waktu terbaik kita mengunjungi tempat itu.

Di ujung pertemuan sore itu dia menganguk sambil menunjukkan thumb (ibu jarinya) tanda setuju akan menemani kami di pagi hari melihat Burung Chendrawasih. ‘Deal?”….. Kami berjabat tangan tanda bersepakat dengan semua pengaturan untuk pengamatan Burung Chendrawasih di kampung iwin dengan tour guide kami seorang difable – tuli dan bisu. Ini akan menjadi pengalaman pertama saya yang menarik.

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Lelaki muda difable ini bernama Septinus Bofra. Bofra merupakan salah satu marga asli di Suku Miyah yang mendiami kampung Iwin dan Fef di Kabupaten Tambrauw. Lokasi tempat pengamatan Burung Cendrawasih yang hendak kami kunjungi juga berada di kampung Iwin, Distrik (Kecamatan) Fef Kabupaten Tambrauw yang merupakan bagian dari tanah adat Marga Bofra.

Sehari-hari masyarakat di Fef, Iwin dan kampung-kampung sekitar memanggilnya dengan nama ‘Aya Mbefo’. Aya Mbefo merupakan panggilan yang awalnya diberikan oleh sang Kakek untuk mengenang kejadian banjir yang melanda dusun mereka dan hampir menenggelamkan Septinus yang waktu itu masih berusia belum genap 2 tahun. Aya Mbefo dalam Bahasa Suku Miyah berarti ‘air sampai disini’. Akibat kejadian ini air sampai masuk ke telinga dan rongga mulut Septinus dan merusak pita suara dan gendang telinganya. Kejadian ini yang diyakini menjadi penyebab Septinus tidak dapat mendengar dan berbicara.

Perjumpaan dengan Septinus sebenarnya tidak kami rencanakan, karena yang kami cari diawal adalah Albert Bofra; Abang (Kakak) dari Septinus. Albert sudah lama kami kenal sebagai tour guide pengamatan Burung chendrawasih di sekitaran Distrik Fef. Namun, karena Albert sedang berada di Kota Sorong dan tanpa disengaja kami bertemu Septinus di warung kopi sehingga pengalaman terbaik ini datang dengan komunikasi-komunikasi bahasa isyarat Ala Septinus.

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Perjalanan ke lokasi pengamatan Burung chendrawasih hanya berjarak 15 menit menggunakan mobil dari Fef, Ibu Kota Kabupaten Tambrauw. Lokasi pengamatan yang sangat dekat dengan jalan ini menjadi potensi tersendiri karena tidak butuh upaya extra untuk mencapainya. Namum ancaman perburuan liar juga dirasa sangat mungkin terjadi apabila proteksi dan pengamanan wilayah tempat bermain burung chendrawasih ini tidak dilakukan dengan benar. Marga Bofra sebagai pemilik hak ulayat sepertinya telah bersepakat untuk mempertahankan wilayah ini sebagai zona lindung adat untuk melindungi tempat bermainnya burung chendrawasih.

Dengan gerak khas seorang tuli-bisu Aya Mbefo menunjukkan isyarat larangan penebangan pohon dan penggunaan senjata api di tempat main Burung Chendrawasih. Dia juga menunjukkan warna pada baju-nya dan baju kami untuk menjelaskan beberapa jenis Burung chendrawasih lain dengan berbagai warna yang bisa dijumpai disekitar hutan ini. Saya pun belajar dari Pak Viktor Tawer – staff Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Kabupaten Tambrauw yang ikut dalam trip ini bahwa Aya Mbefo adalah seorong yang pandai berburu dan sangat paham hutan-hutan sekitar iwin yang menjadi wilayah jelajahnya. Yang cukup mengagumkan adalah pada saat berburu Aya Mbefo dibantu anjing yang lebih dulu mengejar buruan dan dia tempat dimana anjing itu berada hanya dengan menaruh telinga tangannya ke tanah ---

Hhmmmmnnn.. jadi dia bisa mendengar? Ternyata tidak, interaksi Aya Mbefo dengan anjing buruan sejak kecil mengasah skill indraperasa getaran yang sangat tajam – hanya dengan menaruh telinganya ke tanah. Sungguh hebat.

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Di akhir perjalanan kami, Aya Mbefo berpesan agar tolong bantu dia dan komunitas adat Marga Bofra melindungi hutan ini. Dia sangat senang apabila lebih banyak orang (wisatawan) yang dapat dia temani berkunjung ke tempat dia menikmati chendrawasih. 

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Long Term Forests Management Plan of KPHP Tambrauw is Publicly Discussed

Panel discussion, Mr Max, Dona and Sepus with Marthen Nauw as Moderator

Sausapor, November 16. Attending by 38 people representing Government, Customary Community, University, Technical Unit of MoEF and Timber concession in Tambrauw the one discussion was conducted to elaborate the current long term forests management plan of KPHP Unit IV Tambrauw. Specifically the discussion was aiming to gets a common agreement on spatial delineation of the forests areas that overlap among KPH, the turtle management body with the logging concession PT. Multi Wahana Wijaya. At the same time identified and listing the ideas to develop a good forests management partnership with customary community inside KPH areas.

Joined as resources person Mr. Max Tokede as the experts of Long Term Forests management plan, Mr. Dona Marewa as the head of KPHP Unit IV Tambrauw and Sepus Fatem the Bupati Tambrauw adviser on natural resource management. Mr. Max on his presentation was elaborating much on the basic concept of KPH and how its position on current forests administrative arrangement. Max also pointed out the difference between forestry department with KPH in the technical services and administrative control, in which all the administrative responsibilities such as licenses control and provision of resources are handle by forestry department while field based management and onsite monitoring to the forests uses are the duties of KPH. Adding to Mr. Max, Dona Marewa shows the spatial delineation and lists of forests resources management activities the KPHP Unit IV Tambrauw will do. They includes monitoring the uses of forests product, developing social forestry plots and facilitate forests products business marketing. While Sepus Fatem shared the overall idea and progress of conservation district agenda in Tambrauw and where is KPH position as the locus of implementation. All these presentation were accomplished the opening remarks by the Secretary of Tambrauw District, Mr. Engel Kocu that reminding all the actors that management of north coast Tambrauw with many different initiative should be packaging with clear community participation. Because he remains about increasing complain from the community sites. KPH should exists and create a good condition of partnership to help local government in addressing the complex problem in the north coast of Tambrauw.

Based on the Ministry of Environment and Forestry Decree No 630/MenLHK-Setjen/2015 total area of KPHP Unit IV Tambrauw is 155,423 ha with about 121,107 ha are in the production function. But jurisdictional acknowledge about 80% this forests are already granted for timber management licenses to PT Multi Wahana Wijaya and the rests are protection forests. On his presentation, the head KPHP Unit IV Tambrauw, Mr. Donna mentioned that to secure the social forestry initiative and partnership agenda with the community, the KPH has delineated about 15,385 ha of empowerment block or certain areas for social purposes. In here the pilots of village forests, community forestry, community plantation forests or customary forests will be build gradually. Donna then added that all this block are addressing to optimizing the non timber forests products and environmental services in the area. Meeting the good partnership mechanism that will be guiding the implementation of empowerment block is urgent for Tambrauw because based on customary boundary maps, all the areas of KPHP Units IV Tambrauw are inside Abun Tribes areas and indicatively based on AKA WUON Data there are about 36 clans that claiming the customary areas in this part.

Management Block Maps of KPHP Unit IV Tambrauw

At the close session, some summary was produced and listed as recommendation to be followed up by the KPHP Unit IV Tambrauw they includes: clear designation and arrangement of turtle nesting sites to be managed by the established management units. Community participation is a must so it recommended that the KPH should gradually talk and design the partnership mechanism with customary community in KPH designated areas to manage the certain area that already allocated. 

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Video: Sidang Adat Abun, Tujuan dan Harapan Penataan Hak-Hak Masyarakat Adat

Diawali dengan tarian dan nyanyian penuh semangat yang mengantar pada prosesi adat tikam Babi untuk panggil roh Nenek Moyang Dua Marga Besar di Suku Abun dan Mpur yaitu Wabia dan Yessa acara sidang adat 8 Marga di Suku Mpur dan Abun yang bertempat di Kampung Waibem ini Dimulai. Sidang adat yang digagas oleh Pemerintah Daerah dan difasilitasi aktif oleh Kelompok AKA WUON dan Marwasnath ini berjalan cukup padat, lancar sekalipun beberapa kesepakatan yang diharapkan untuk penataan struktur, kesepakatan batas adat dan penegasan aturan adat dari setiap marga tetap terus berkembang. Selain dari pada proses sosial diskusi yang pada dan sangat dinamis serta pada beberapa sesi ada ketegangan emosional ketika berbicara mengenai kepemilikan Tanah Adat dan sejarahnya saya sangat kagum dengan ketenangan dan kematangan kemampuan fasilitasi yang dijalankan oleh dua kelompok/lembaga yaitu AKA WUON dan Marwasnath. Ya mereka secara keseluruhan adalah pemuda-pemudi dari Tambrauw ini secara sukarela dengan militansi yang tumbuh dari kesadaran akan pentingnya penataan hak dalam upaya pengaturan pemanfaatan SDA berkelanjutan secara aktif memfasilitasi komunitasnya untuk secara serius mendiskusikan hal-hal yang bagi orang luar dinilai sangat sensitif utnuk di angkat.

Pertanyaan yang muncul adalah: kenapa mereka melakukan ini? Apa mimpi dan harapan yang mereka pikirkan dari proses sidang-sidang adat yang secara padat mereka fasilitasi? Bagaimana proses yang selama ini mereka lalui? Serta apa pesan yang ingin disampaikan kepada masyarakat adat yang lain? Berikut adalah video petikan wawancara dengan mereka yang secara aktif terlibat dalam fasilitasi sidang-sidang atau musyawarah adat di adat di Tambrauw.

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8 Clans from Abun and Mpur Tribes in Tambrauw Conducts Customary Assembly

Main plenary led by 3 young Facilitator from AKA WUON and Marwasnath. Photo: Yunus Yumte

Conducted with the theme "well regulates customary rights from now to reduce conflict in the future" 8 clans from Abun and Mpur tribes who live and acknowledging customary rights over the north cost of bird head of Papua extent from Sausapor to Saukorem are gathered in 6 days started on September 26 untuk October 1 in Waibem villages to discuss on the issues of customary land right. They are clans Yeblo, Yesnath, Yessa, Yengguir, Sundoy, Wabia, Yokser dan Marga Yokson. Beside these 8 clans, joined in this assembly their family from Byak clans Mambrasar and Mofu and Werimon from Yapen those had moved into the coast of Tambrauw for hundred years with long history of civil hongi wars and koreri expedition but has become parts and influence the social values in Tambrauw. Each of them has prepared and came with the information about their clan history, inheritance, territories, customary governance of rights and the institutional structure of the clan and openly discussion to got the agreement and acknowledgement by others. 

Overall assembly went under facilitation by AKA WUON (NGO based in Sorong) and Marwasnath (a new discussion group established by young Abuness). Both groups were did well facilitation and well control the tendency that often raised and psicologically conflict appear among clans once they talked about history and territories. Kundrat Yeudi, the appointed chief of Marwasnath and act as the Coordinator of this assembly on his opening remarks said that this assembly was conducted to: (1) getting comprehensive picture, information and data about history, inheritance that describe the claim over customary land right territories, (2) inventory, sketching the agreed clans territories and building the common recognition of the ownership rights and other rights that binding and recognized is living in community, (3) establishing the community consensus of customary institution governance to creates development climate that advantages to all community interests. He then added "this event is important to have a full recognition based on understanding of each clans territories. Then it should be binding with brotherhoods and solidarity value so the efforts to secure and manage customary rights are happening as a wide community not individual clan. This is crucial to facing the new emerging challenge in Tambrauw as the new districts that in high efforts to accelerate the development".  Metu Yesnath the head of Abun Sub District, who also the adviser of Marwasnath affirmed what Kundrat raised with emphasized "cultures and customary right claim are core parts of community livelihoods in Abun. These have guiding them and will keep control the activities the community are conducted in the land. So this big assembly is a great space and momentum understand territories and values of one and the others. The best result of this assembly will bring positive impact to the government in which all the activities the government is designing and implementing in the areas where land right ownership has clearly clarified and governed by clan can works well in active coordination with the elders and properly manage the benefit distribution". 

Beside Aka Wuon and Marwasnath in the front line as facilitator, this assembly was happening with supported from Tambrauw District Government and Samdhana Institute. This was the 3rd assembly after Miyah and Fef that Aka Wuon is actively facilitating the full process includes control the flows of discussion. While for Samdhana Institute, this was the 1st event they were contributed. But in Fef they had funded Aka Wuon to follow up the detail technical mapping and GIS digitazing for the clans territories been agreed on the assembly. So do with Marwasnath, this was the 1st assembly they were facilitated. 

The assembly was divided into 3 main event: (a) opening ceremony with cultural pigs sacrificing ceremony and then be continued with remarks. (b) workshop forum with discussion as the introductory materials to the main plenary and (c) main plenary/assembly, substance discussion until agreement process. In the pig sacrificing ceremony two main recognized clans Yessa and Wabia from apposite directions follow their customary territories performing tradition dancing while walking into the main assembly hall. The dancing was stopped in the place where pig was provided to be sacrificed. The procession was aiming to call the ancestor spirits and asking for their permission before go with customary assembly. Beside wild pigs the ceremony as also using the "kain timur" a traditional hand made wooden that become a symbol of cultures and tradition clothes of community in bird heads of Papua. 
Preparation to cultural opening Ceremony. Photo: Yunus Yumte

Workshop forum was went in two session: Session one presented resources person from Church leader and Samdhana Institute and in the session two the Papua gender activist and the field facilitator of Aka Wuon were in in the panelist. In summary here are the speakers and their material presented in this workshop: 

• The Head of Klasis GKI Amberbaken. He was shared the church perspective and efforts to build the unity of rights in love. He pointed out that land are always become the problem of conflict, event church building are something facing the uncertainty claim of right by several community. So making sure that the discussion is going peacefully are important and this can be achieved by putting the values of love and brotherhood in the heads of the elders. 
• Yunus Yumte, the Papua Program Coordinator of Samdhana Institute shared the material about legal protection, recognition and governance of customary rights. In his presentation Yunus shared the current opportunity with several national regulation that bringing the certainty for communal rights to be recognized. He also informed the participant about the progress of customary right recognition draft regulation in Tambrauw and asked all the community to accompanying and provides a significant inputs to this draft. Mapping, lesson from other places of which maps is the tools for right recognition are also parts of Yunus presentation. 
• Heni Lani, the Papuan Woman Activist shared the importance of acknowledging women roles in customary right arrangement. Heni emphasized that woman and land in Papua are one packaging of cultural living because women is the one that interacts very often with land. And woman take big roles in educting young generation about cultural values and human development.
• Aka Wuon was represented by Viktor Tawer. Viktor presentation was about "understanding the identity of customary community in Tamrbauw". During several customary assembly Aka Wuon is facilitated he notes that the main enabling condition for the successful discussion are in community and their elders. 

In the main plenary, the discussion was went robustly and serious with a lot of clarification and verification towards information and data that each clan is drafted. To accelerate the discussion on territories and history assembly was managed to spit the groups in to two follow the main clan. There was one group in Yessa that bring together, Sundoy, Yesnath, Yeusi, Yeblo and Yengguir on the discussion. Also Join in Yessa the groups of Mofu, Mambrasar and Werimon. While the other group is for Wabia and Yeblo Kre. Once they finished in the groups the result were took into the main plenary to be presented. 

Group discussion as side event of main plenary - talking about territories. Photo: Yunus Yumte

Until the end of the event there was remain disagreement among several clans because the problem of right of ownership recognition. Ones Isai Paa as one of the key steering person at the end of the event pressing all the leader to arrange follow up the dicussion after the assembly to agree upon their data and information. He aware that ended of the assembly are not as they were expected but this was the optimum results they could do. For those clans that social and right claim issues have been agreed on the next steps that Aka Wuon and Marwasnath will do is technical GPS mapping and final GIS digitizing. 

Situation in the main plenary hall. Photo: Yunus Yumte

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No Conservation Without Recognition the Rights and Role of IPs in Tambrauw

Tambrauw Beach and Mountation Forests. Photo: Yunus

IPs and Conservation

In March 2016, Strong voices came up in Out meeting from Mr. Ignasius Baru, the leader of Miyah tribe in the meeting of Two district regulation draft about customary right recognition and conservation district development. He said "community not understanding what conservation is. If what the government meant with conservation is just to say no for community to access on their resources in their customary territories, then I would say we the IPs of Tambrauw especially in Miyah tribe refuse the design of Tambrauw as conservation district". Adding to that, Victor Sundoy who is actually works in conservation management body but originally part of Abun tribes community emphasized that "Conservation need to be clearly packages because in facts we have to criminalize community once they want to touch the forests resources such as timber because conservation has say no to open the forests or extracting the resource from it. The fact the Tambrauw is 80% protected and conservation forests are not realistic if we looks from the perspective of how strong is customary community relation with the land and their high dependency on it". Despite of this complain and objection to the conservation most of the community leader who joined the discussion shown their agreement on protecting the potential resources, secret places and preserving exotic animal and ecosystem that they sees as the strength in Tambrauw that cannot found in other places.

So what are the gaps here? If the community are acknowledged the important of protecting some exotic species, landscape and ecosystem and the secret places in their are why they refused conservation that actually having the same meaning? Back to the definition, value and benefit of conservation forests may could leads us to answer the question and curiosity of the community in Tambrauw objection to conservation. As I understand from law no 5 of 1994 about Biodiversity Conservation, conservation is about wises and balance uses of forests to increase people livelihoods and sustainability ecologic function of the forests. It mentioned conservation should is implementing in (1) protecting the exotics landscape, species, ecosystem and function, (2) enriching biodiversity and (3) sustainable uses. Michael Lackwook, the Editor in Big Big of Managing Protected areas (2006) re-emphasized this that conservation or protected areas management are about clearly translating the values and benefits of them to the ecosystem and community. He notes that setting clear objection of management protected areas could reduces competition and claim of benefits to it. Most of the conservationist and socialist are debating about the people presence and existence inside conservation areas which actually the cores issues Tambrauw is facing. Half ways of implementing conservation and lack of management scenarios to maintain values and benefits of conservation seems likes the roots of the problems and has creates miss understanding and miss perception about conservation in the community. Conservation actions and applying freeze regulations with only species and ecosystem oriented while in some part under-counting the balance of social development in related to conservation development that happening in long times has raised the critical objection by the community based on their half conservation understanding.

Exploring more: Budi Riyanto (2005) on his book "Pemberdayaa Masyarakat Sekitar Hutan dalam Perlindungan Kawasan Pelestarian Alam" has scientifically describing the connection of commmunity with nature and forests, he noted that meeting conservation objective is also about facilitating community to take parts in conservation based of the applied law. The new ICCA Groups actuallly has helped us to understand of how strong is Indigenous community with conservation and how their conservation approaches has living for generation and has successfully protects the forests. Recent 2015 study conducted by CIFOR that published in Ecology and Social Journal "http://www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/articles/ABoissiere1501.pdf" re-affirming long argumentation that 'no conservation without recognition the right and roles of IPs' and I think this is how conservationist in Tambrauw should learn through. Manuel Boissiere,et all in this CIFOR publication noted that "Natural resource management by local communities can be more effective and cost-efficient for large-scale conservation than government-sanctioned protected areas". The research with title: Unseen sentinel: Local Monitoring and Controlling in Conservation Blind Spots describing how community in up-stream of Mamberamo river has applying best but un-recognized approaches in control and monitor the uses for forests resources. Same as community in Tambrauw the community here in Mamberamo as described by CIFOR also acknowledging conservation and forest zoning that living for centuries.

Conservation District Regulation

Addressing the conservation, social and development issues that government is willing to see is about how balance can be realized, a regulation of conservation is designed. At the same time the government also draft the regulation about customary right recognition. The main of objective of this two regulation are to secure the right of IPs, with their access to managing conservation areas but also providing a legal frame of how official development plan can be implemented within clear arrangement of benefit to the land owners. Facts that de facto claim of right and forests resources and acknoledging sometime the development not applied according the community land uses zoning and management vision has pushing government and parliament to addressing the conservation policy that related to securing right and participation of IPs in the development.

Sepus Fatem, the Natural Resources Management adviser of Tambrauw District on his presentation keeps emphasized that the design of conservation in Tambrauw is not about conserve the way how forests function has been regulated by the ministry of forestry. But this about integrating national forests conservation targets with the community and government access to development. The core of conservation policy in tambrauw is to recognition traditional zoning living in community to be counted as conservation areas or else the regulation is trying to open the banned of access of community to the limited uses based on their needs and then control and monitor the amount to arrange enrichment and big protection targets on species and ecosystem that Tambrauw has. In this cases community with their right and traditional land/forests zoning are the main beneficiaries that government is paying attention on.  

Community Land Right and Traditional Values to Biodiversity Conservation in Tambrauw 

Community argumentation to refusing conservation should be respected since their are stepping from lack of understanding to conservation terminology that basically not coming from their own language and was accumulative of trauma in experiencing how conservation been implementing by conservation NGO/CSO and government units. "No conservation without right recognition and participation of IPs in Tambrauw" should become a basis on the design of regulation, approaches and management plan to managing conservation, official development and social empowering in Tambrauw district.

In 2015, the indicative mapping research conducted by Tambrauw Development partners consortium (WWF, Samdhana, Paradisea and AKA WUON) has recorded basic information and data about customary rights, land uses zoning and conservation approaches living with IPs in Tambrauw. The reports that presenting indicative tribe maps of Miyah and Abun tribes also describing local names and structure of decission making process of areas/forests and natural resources management within Tambrauw IPs. A year before that in 2014, WWF in collaboration with local facilitator from Abun tribe has also mapped and recorded the important places community in Abun is acknowledge. Their distributions that spreads from sea and beaches to the mountain with local names. For example, community in both Abun and Miyah has dividing forests based on the function, the reports noted: wiam ase (local words for virgin forests), Sre (similar to peatland but are widely spread up to the hill), Ruf (low land forests), Ora (active farming/crop land) and Etiam (degraded areas after farming). Beside forest the community also action zoning for hunting, the words Ramen, Rmoy and Fim are describing areas for hunting and places for animals to drink.

Regulation the government is providing together with capacity building and on-sites facilitation for the community to integrating their conservation and land uses management approaches with government land uses and forests management design seems like a basic task to do to meet what they are expecting on conservation development based on customary community land right and participation.

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Tambrauw Conservation and Customary Right Recognition Drafts Regulation Were Publicly Disccused

About 70 participants representing village leader, customary community groups, district government institution, sub-district chief, resorts police and army commander  joined one full day discussion of two draft of District Regulation about conservation and recognition and protection of customary rights. This two draft are part of the initiative regulation that the parliament of Tambrauw is prioritizing this year to support the political commitment of current Bupati about mainstreaming conservation as the development code and support the protection and recognition customary rights in Tambrauw. On his opening remarks the Bupati of Tambrauw pointed out the real development challenge in Tambrauw is how to put in balance the interests and targets on spatial development, regional and community economic growth, protection the rights of people and sustainable environment. This to regulation are part of his commitment to realize that. Gradually the government and all stakeholders are actualization their commitment on (1) non massive destructive investment such as mining and oilpalm and (2) develop the green investment pilots such as micro hydro for electricity and (3) supports the customary meeting in each sub-districts.

Opening Panel; Photo: Yunus Yumte 

Moderated by the legislative division head in the Tambrauw Parliament Mr. Petrus Yewen the discussion was went well and robust with active comments, inputs, correction and suggestion from the audiences. One keys messages on his speech was "Mainstreaming conservation to realize the objective of protection the forests covers and it natural function is by integrating 'frezzz" academic conservation mainstream into more dynamic and local specific to makes community have a legal certainty to be the main conservation action to their 1,2 million ha of forests and land". Four resources people were includes: Nonette Royo - the Executive Director of Samdhana Institute shared the core thinking of rights recognition and appreciation to the Bupati of Tambrauw, Yunus Yumte showed the indicative mapping results, Yance Arizona from Epistema Institute presented the substance of customary rights recognition regulation draft and Jhony Marwa from Papua State University shared the substance of conservation regulation draft. 

In summary there were 4 points comes up during the review and discussion: 

1. There are remaining a lot of missing substantial information and data about clans, tribes and family and how their autonomy of rights and decision making are works. Which of the customary structure are holding the basic authority in lands usage? Both facilitator and community representative agreed sharpening the academic script of the regulation that appropriately legally regulate the rights and its elements are the next steps after the discussion. 
2. Positioning the core intention on recognize, designates and governance among customary knowledge with the official government regulation are crucial to enable conservation and rights recognition pathways could works in the on going development platform be understood and implemented by all the actor  in Tambrauw. 
3. Reviewing and re-analyzing the substance of conservation regulation drafts that mentioning the legal binding and criminal sanction should be undertaken to make sure that the regulation would not banning community for their illegal activities to fulfill their livelihood needs. 
4. Concrete supports and sharing resources to supports the improvement draft to the finalization process are important to accelerating the public discussion until legal approval. 

Most of the participants were criticized the content of conservation from the perspective of low conflict and accommodate local development needs and livelihood of community. Make sure that Tambrauw with its vision and regulation are not taking the frozen step in interpreting and implementing conservation are crucial to connects the content of local rights, spatial plan and conservation needs. Keys recommendation as next steps were appeared such as: supports the gradual community meeting in each sub-district discussing the rights and development, continues supports to customary boundary mapping and gradual discussion on the substance of legal draft before legally approval are came up at the ending summary of the meeting.
 

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2 Peta Wilayah Adat Indikative Suku di Tambrauw Dipresentasikan ke Pemda

Sausapor, 30 Maret 2016. Menjadi salah satu Narasumber dalam konsultasi publik sehari Naskah Akademis dan Legal Draft PERDA Kabupaten Konservasi dan Perlindungan-Pengakuan Hak Masyarakat Adat, Yunus Yumte - Papua Program Manager the Samdhana Institute memberikan laporan akhir pekerjaan pemetaan wilayah adat Indikative 2 suku di Kabupaten Tambrauw yaitu Suku Miyah dan Suku Abun. Selain ini, hasil pemetaan indikative ini, telah juga membantu wilayah adat Moi Kelim mendapatkan revisi peta wilayah adatnya untuk bagian yang berbatasan dengan suku Abun. Dalam presentasi-nya Yunus mengatakan bahwa "hasil pemetaan Indikative Wilayah adat yang dilakukan secara bersama oleh tim Aka Wuon, UNIPA, WWF, Samdhana Institute dan PEMDA Tambrauw telah memperkuat studi-studi antropologis sebelumnya bahwa kabupaten Tambrauw 100% berada didalam wilayah adat suku-suku yang secara de facto mengklaim hak adat atas ruang dan sumber daya didalamnya". 

Final Draft Peta Indikative WA Suku Miyah Abun dan Moi di Tambrauw 

Abun dan Miyah bersama dengan suku Moi Kelim, Mpur, Ireres dan Biak-Karon secara antropologis membentuk satu kesatuan kekeluargaan dalam adat yang kuat karena terhubung dengan beberapa sejarah seperti pertukaran kain timur, perkembangan pendidikan dan agama serta perkawinan. Tidak hanya dengan suku-suku di Internal Tambrauw hubungan kultur yang kuat juga terjadi antara masyarakat adat di Tambaruaw dengan beberapa suku di Kabupaten Lain yang berbatasan seperti Suku Mare di Kabupaten Maybrat dan Suku Aifat di Kabupaten Maybrat. Secara proporsi wilayah Miyah dan Abun menguasai hampir 60% dari total wilayah administrasi Tambrauw, dimana suku Miyah berdasarkan pemetaan indikatif memiliki luas 209,250 ha dan suku Abun seluas 404,352 ha. Hubungan sosial yang kuat juga ditunjukan dengan bagaimana sebaran marga di kampung-kampung yang secara adat bukan wilayah adat-nya. Mereka tidak hanya tinggal tetapi juga mendapatkan ruang kelola yang terbatas untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup-nya. 

Koneksi antara klaim hak, nilai adat dan pola ruang pemanfaatan sumber daya didalam masyarakat adat Abun dan Miyah sangatlah kuat. Hasil pemetaan indikative ini juga telah berhasil menangkap banyak informasi, data dan fakta tentang tempat penting dan pola ruang yang telah tumbuh dan dipegang kuat oleh masyarakat adat di suku Abun dan Miyah. Suku Miyah misalany, berdasarkan hasil pemetaan di temukan pola zonasi seperti: 

-        Hutan: Wiam mase (hutang rimbah), Sre  (sejenis  hutan gambut yang ada di daerah perbukitan   namun daerah ini cukup rata dan luas), ruf (daerah yang sangat rata dan luas),Etiam ( Bekas Kebun yang lama)  Tein ( bekas kebun baru) dan Ora ( daerah perkebunan baru )  adalah tata pembagian ruang berdasarkan fungsi menurut nilai-nilai adat secara turun-temurung oleh suku miyah.

-    Tempat Berburuh: Ramen tempat atau jalan tempat binatang burun bermain, Rmoy dan Fim tempat dimana semua binatang datang meminum air dan mencari makan, Wilayah berburu secara terbatas.

-    Ritus Budaya: Sorwon, Totor, Arbouw, Etkunyah dan emos, adalah wilayah keramat menirut tatanan spiritualitas masyarakat adat suku miyah yang harus dilindungi. 

Sebelumnya, pada tahun 2014/2015, WWF Kantor Sausapor bersama beberapa fasilitator Kampung Suku Abun, telah juga melakukan pemetaan dan kajian tempat penting untuk wilayah disekitar pantai penelurun penyu. Hasil yang sama juga mereka dapatkan bahwa masyaakat adat secara kuat sudah memiliiki Zonasi adat yang apabila di paduserasikan dengan pola dan struktur ruang harusnya bisa menjadi kekuatan pembangunan dan tata kelola konservasi di Tambrauw. 

Dalam point-point penutup-nya, Yunus memberikan rekomendasi bahwa

• Konsolidasi di tingkat suku dan marga secara berkala dan terstruktur perlu dilakukan secara serius. Langkah-langkah untuk membangun kekuatan kelembagaan adat bisa kemudian dibangun.

• Mematangkan pemetaan detail tentang tata guna lahan dan ruang dalam upaya untuk pengaturan dan penataan sumber daya alam berkelanjutan berbasis masyarakat harus dilakukan bersama untuk memastikan pengaturan sumber daya alam yang bermartabat dan rendah konflik.

• Pemetaan wilayah adat di tingkat marga harus dilanjutkan terus untuk mengklarifikasi kepemilikan ruang dan konsolidasi pengaturan pengelolaannya di tengah perkembangan pembangunan yang ada saat ini.

• Pengembangan peraturan daerah untuk mengakui, melindungi dan menata keberadaan masyarakat adat di Tambrauw menjadi penting untuk dilakukan oleh pemerintah dan legislatif untuk memberikan kepastian hokum bagi masyarakat adat beserta visi dan rencana pengelolaan dan penataan ruang yang dimiliki.

• Dalam hal tata ruang dan pembangunan konservasi, posisi hak adat bersama dengan tempat penting dan asset sosial masyarakat adat didalamnya harus menjadi komponen data penting dalam penentuan detail pola dan struktur ruang. Langkah ini perlu diambil untuk meminimalisir konflik kepentingan ruang yang mungkin terjadi karena kompleksitas hak dan klaim ruang yang ada di masyarakat saat ini.

• Membangun system administrasi untuk fasilitasi identifikasi, inventarisasi, pendataan, pendaftaran sampai dengan instrument pengaturan ruang menjadi penting untuk dimiliki pemerintah daerah dalam rangka resolusi konflik ruang. Serta memberikan ruang legal arbetrasi bagi masyarakat untuk mendapatkan layanan hukum dan administrasi terhadap objek hak yang dimiliki.

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Aka Wuon Mapped 3 Clans Boundary in Tambrauw

AKA WUON Field facilitator in a discussion with elders in Fef - Photo: Ruben Yogi 

Fef Sub-District of Tambrauw, the candidate of district capital. Photo: Ruben Yogi

The government of Tambrauw Districk-West Papua Province in collaboration with customary community groups have gradually facilitating clans discussion in each sub-district to talks about an efforts to reduce conflict of land right claim that emerged in line with the development expansion. The 1st discussion was held in Fef sub-district engaged 13 clans from Abun and Miyah tribes - about 70% of the district administration region are in these two tribes. Social information, agreement on mapping and a customary boundary sketch were produced at the end of the meeting.

As followed up AKA WUON (NGO based in Sorong) moved with the community to wrapping up social data and information and facilitated technical mapping to digitized the boundary of the 13 clans. In 5 month started July until November 2015 AKA WUON has helped 3 clans; Baa Sakof, Baru Rufubun and Tafii to technically maps and digitized their boundary into a digital maps. These 3 clans area cover about 3500 ha of Fef district. The mapping was facilitated in neutral approaches in which AKA WUON was tried to avoid the personal/political and other groups interests in process because they understand that rights over land and resources are an sensitive issues in now days as an implication of the new economic mainstream in the community mind.

AKA WUON acknowledged that there are long remaining steps the community should take to makes the maps are living and working on conflict resolution and land uses regulation in current development pressure. As an NGO with most of the crew are originally from tribes in Tambrauw, they listed strengthening the structure of customary institution, facilitate common consensus and agreement until legal protection and government as sets of next step they should work with the community. Its just the beginning, because for maps there are 10 clans in the sub-districts that not yet mapped digitally. While for all Tambrauw there are more than 100 clans from 5 main tribes are also expected to have a maps like what 3 clans in Fef have.

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Mengenal Kerangka Pikir Pemetaan Indikatif Batas Wilayah Adat di Papua

Proses diskusi pengumpulan data dan informasi bersama masyarakat di kampung

Diawali dengan komitmen pembagian peran dan tanggung jawab para pihak yang tergabung dalam mitra pembangunan mendukung upaya pemerintah daerah Kabupaten Tambrauw untuk membangun kerangka hukum dan kebijakan terkait pembangunan konservasi berbasis masyarakat di wilayahnya kegiatan pemetaan muncul sebagai alat untuk membantu pemerintah dan mitra memahami peta penguasaan dan pemilikan wilayah adat. Kebutuhan yang muncul adalah bagaimana secara cepat mendapatkan data dan informasi spasial dan sosial tentang hak masyarakat adat di Tambrauw. Dimana data ini juga menyajikan secara cepat fakta-fakta antropologis tentang hubungan antara masyarakat dengan sumber daya alamnya yang diatur dalam tata nilai dan aturan adat yang kuat. Permintaan ini kemudian menjadi bahan diskusi panjang untuk merumuskan pilihan pendekatan pemetaan yang bisa diambil. "Pemetaan Indikatif Wilayah Adat" kemudian muncul sebagai usulan kerangka tersebut. Pendekatan ini dipilih agar secara cepat kita bisa mendapatkan informasi antropologis, sosial dan spatial tentang hak masyarakat adat dalam suku-suku di Kabupaten Tambrauw dan bagaimana hubungannya. Didalamnya juga tergambarkan informasi tentang zonasi wilayah adat dan pola-pola pemanfaatan sumberdaya alam yang selama ini diterapkan oleh masyarakat adat didalam wilayah adatnya. 

Pemetaan Indikative bukanlah hasil final dari pemetaan partisipatif untuk mengetahui detail kepemilikan sehingga tidak bisa digunakan untuk tujuan-tujuan resolusi konflik batas atau tujuan lain yang membutuhkan informasi detail. Hasil dari pemetaan ini hanya akan menyediakan data dasar untuk membantu pemerintah daerah dan para praktisi pemetaan untuk selanjutnya mendorong dan memfasilitasi pemetaan detail yang lebih partisipatif dan padat diskusi sosial. 

Beranjak dari perhatian bahwa, pilihan metode ini akan memunculkan banyak pertanyaan terutama di level praktisi dan pemerhati pemetaan sehingga tulisan tentang kerangka pikir dari metode dan pendekatan pemetaan indikatif ini disajikan. Tulisan ini menyajikan secara ringkat hal-hal menyangkut definisi, prinsip dan tata cara dari pemetaan indikatif. Tentu kami berharap referensi ini bisa menjadi bahan diskusi dan pengembangan lebih jauh dari metode pemetaan wilayah adat cepat untuk merekam informasi, social antropologis dan spasial dari hak-hak masyarakat adat atas tanah dan sumber daya alamnya. Hasil dari pemetaan indikatif ini sendiri bisa digunakan sebagai lampiran dari produk legal daerah yang ingin didorong sebagai payung hukum dari pengakuan dan perlindungan hak masyarakat adat di daerah. Silahkan download detail tulisanya di link berikut: https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BygScToA2HKFeDFoYmdtaVV3dEk/view?usp=sharing 

Flow dari pemetaan Indikatif di Tambrauw

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Develop an Indicative Tribes Boundary Maps and Their Basic Profile Information in Tambrauw - West Papua Province

Tambrauw is the new regions separated from Sorong and Manokwari, according to Law No. 56/2008 concerning the establisment of Tambrauw regency in Papua Barat Province. 70% of total Tambrauw forests are protected within protection and conservation function inside 6 tribes rights. The real challenge is appears in how to balancing the needs of district development, sustainable ecology management and community development. So addressing right and resources issue at community level are urgently needed to make sure the balance development in Economic, Social and Ecology aspects.

The district regulation to protect local rights of customary community has been developing under Parliament control. It also been supporting by Papua State University, Epistema Institute, Samdhan Institute, Aka Wuon, WWF and Paradisea Foundation. The fact the customary right claim are strong in tambrauw pointed out the needs to carefully develop the substance in the regulation. The regulation also should able to create the harmony between right and responsibility of customary community in Tambrauw. This team then start to collect as much as possible data and information that available about local right in Tambrauw.

Facing the fact that data and information about customary community right in Tambrauw are limited the development partners of Tambrauw government then initiating the development of indicative boundary maps with tribes profiles. The new approaches in Mapping that come in to the table been considered as the quick but validated way to bring up the basic information about customary rights in Tambrauw, the tribes distribution across the district and the substance of rights the the parliament and government must regulates well.

So how what is the indicative boundary mapping means? And whats steps it takes to provide the information about rights in Tambrauw? How valid is the products to the legal needs? This short plain paper of mapping are trying to describes and provide a robust explanation about these question. It is developed based on half way process in Tambrauw, so question, comment or correction are welcome to improve the next process?

Tittle    : One Plain Paper of Mapping. Develop an Indicative Customary Boundary Mapping of Tribes in Tambrauw District
West Papua Province - Indonesia

Author : Yunus Yumte

2015

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Analisis Ijin Pemungutan Hasil Hutan Kayu Pada Hutan Produksi Permenhut 46 Tahun 2009

Persoalan ijin usaha pemungutan hasil hutan terus menjadi diskusi yang panjang di daerah. Dalam rapat koordinasi dalam rangka mensinergikan program kerja kehutanan di Provinsi Papua Barat, isu ini kembali diangkat. Bahkan Bapak Agus Wamafma - kepala Dinas Kehutanan Kabupaten Sorong Selatan secara tegas mengatakan bahwa persoalan ijin pemungutan atau yang sering di singkat dengan IPHHK ini harus segera didiskusikan, diputuskan dan disepakati mekanisme legalnya. Sejauh ini kelompok masyarakat adat yang mengambil kayu di wilayah adatnya untuk keperluan ekonomi keluarga, cenderung menjadi korban akibat menggantung-nya aturan ini.

Gambar kayu bantalah yang diolah dari penebangn dengan menggunakan IPHHK di Sorong
Photo by Yunus Yumte 

Dalam beberapa diskusi dengan pihak pemerintah tentang IPHHK informasi yang selalu keluar adalah skema ini hanya untuk kebutuhan lokal masyarakat dan tidak diperdagangkan. Yang artinya ketika masyarakat melakukan transaksi penjualan kayu baik dalam kuota yang diperbolehkan mereka untuk memungut atau melebihi kuota tersebut, maka penegakan hukum harus tetap berlaku. Namun fakta yang ada di Papua Barat berkata lain bahkan praktek ini secara terang-terangan dilakukan secara masif dan terorganisir di beberapa lokasi. Contoh paling nyata adalah di Daerah Sorong terutama di Jalan raya Sorong-Sausapor KM 45 - 48. Secara jelas terlibat bahwa kayu yang dihasilkan adalah untuk kebutuhan export keluar kota dimana ukurannya dalah Panjang 1 meter, lebar 10 cm dan tinggi 10 cm atau yang umum disebut dengan kayu bantalan. Lantas pertanyaannya kemudian adalah bagaimana semua ini bisa berjalan? Apakah ada celah hukum yang dioptimalkan untuk meraup keuntungan yang besar? Kemudian dalam konteks konteks kontrol terhadap manfaat sumber daya hutan bagi daerah, apakah skema ini menguntungkan negara dan masyarakat?

Saya coba untuk menelusuri dan menjawab pertanyaan pertama dan kedua dengan menganalisis kebijakan hukum yang memayungi opersionalisasi skema pemungutan kayu ini. PERMENHUT yang oleh sebagian besar aparat kehutanan diketahui tetapi cenderung ditutup-tutupi dan tidak ingin dibahas baik. Permenhut 46 tahun 2009. Berikut adalah catatan singkat analisis yang coba saya explore: 

Permenhut 46 Tahun 2009 merupakan peraturan teknis pelaksanaan dari PP 6 2007 terutama mengatur tentang tata cara pemungutan hasil hutan kayu dan non kayu secara legal. Berikut beberapa hal yang saya dapatkan dan memperkuat argumentasi bahwa 20 m³ per individu dan 50 m³ lembaga desa ini bisa diperdagangkan:

• Dalam PP 6 2007 pasal 1 ayat 16 Defenisi Izin Pemungutan Hasil Hutan Kayu adalah “Izin pemungutan hasil hutan kayu yang selanjutnya disingkat IPHHK adalah izin untuk mengambil hasil hutan berupa kayu pada hutan produksi melalui kegiatan pemanenan, pengangkutan, dan pemasaran untuk jangka waktu dan volume tertentu”. Disitu ada kata pemasaran yang cukup kontradiktif dengan pasal selanjutnya yang mengatakan tidak untuk diperdagangkan. Peraturan ini sebenarnya memberikan arahan tentang batasan dalam waktu dan volume

• Nyambung dengan point diatas, Peraturan Pelaksanaannya PERMNEHUT 46 2009, menggunakan defenisi Pasal 1 ayat 16 ini dengan menekankan pada kata Pemasaran. Dimana BAB I – Ketentuan Umum pasal satu PERMENHUT 46/2009 memperkuat batasan defenisi ijin pemungutan hasil hutan kayu sebagai berikut: Izin Pemungutan Hasil Hutan Kayu yang selanjutnya disingkat IPHHK adalah sebagaimana tercantum dalam Pasal 1 angka 16 Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 6 Tahun 2007 jo. Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 3 Tahun 2008. Artinya PEMASARAN dilegalkan disini.

• Masih di PP 6 2007 Pasal 77 dan 80 juga memperkuat argumentasi kayu yang dipungut ini bisa diperdagangkan yaitu selama membayar PR0VISI SUMBER DAYA HUTAN (PSDH). Argumentasi ini diperkuat dalam PERMENHUT 46/2009 BAB V Pasal 8 Ayat 1 point d “Membayar Provisi Sumber Daya Hutan (PSDH) sesuai ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku"

• Menariknya pada PERMENHUT 46/2009 pasal BAB IV Pasal 7 tidak muncul kalimat “tidak dipergangangkan”, tetapi di gantikan dengan kata “tidak dapat diperpanjang”. Bahasa lengkapnya:  (a)  “IPHHK-HA untuk keperluan individu yang berasal dari penebangan diberikan paling banyak 20 (dua puluh) meter kubik untuk jangka waktu selama-lamanya 1 (satu) tahun dan tidak dapat diperpanjang. (YY: keperluan individu, mengandung arit luas - termasuk kebutuhan uang). (b) IPHHK-HA untuk keperluan pembangunan fasilitas umum diberikan paling banyak 50 (lima puluh) meter kubik untuk jangka waktu selama-lamanya 1 (satu) tahun dan tidak dapat diperpanjang. (c)  IPHHBK-HA, IPHHBK-HT atau IPHHBK-HTHR paling banyak 20 (dua puluh) ton untuk setiap Kepala Keluarga dan dapat diperdagangkan untuk jangka waktu selama-lamanya 1 (satu) tahun dan dapat diperpanjang.

Namun begitu untuk memperkuat argumentasi bahwa pemungutan hasil hutan kayu ini tidak dilakukan secara ambur adul, tetapi dilakukan secara tertata mengikuti prinsip-prinsip kelestarian hutan, setiap Pemegang Ijin Pemungutan hasil hutan Kayu (IPHHK) diwajibkan untuk:

• Berdasarkan pasal 71 – Pasal 78 PP 6 2007, melakukan : (a) Menata areal kerja, melakukan identifikasi potensi dan menyusun rencana kerja sesuai dengan ijin yang berlaku. Dalam konteks IPHHK, awal tahun harus menyusun rencana tahunan pemungutan hasil hasil hutan kayu untuk diajukan ke Bupati. Pada bagian penjelasan dari Pasal 71 huruf a sebutkan bahwa Dalam rencana kerja, antara lain, memuat pula aspek kelestarian usaha, aspek keseimbangan lingkungan, dan aspek sosial dan ekonomi. Sehingga analisis-analisis ini dibutuhkan untuk memperkuat usulan IPHHK. (b) Menata system keuangan sesuai standart kehutanan – disini penekanannya pada pembukuan yang rapi tentang produksi dan pemasaran hasil hutan sebagai dasar hitung-hitungan PSDH yang pas untuk diberikan ke Pemerintah. Dalam hal ini koperasi bias menjadi lembaga yang menerima IPHHK, atau anggota koperasinya menerima ijin dan dikelola dibawah koperasi. (c) Melakukan aktifitas nyata paling lambat 1 bulan sejak ijin diberikan. (d) Melakukan perlindungan hutan. (e) Meyiapkan tenaga teknis kehutanan dengan kapasitas yang cukup untuk pengelolaan hutan. (f)  Membayar PSDH seperti yang sebutkan diatas. (g) Melakukan monitoring dan evaluasi terhadap peredaran hasil hutan 
• PERMENHUT 46/2009 untuk memperkuat prasyarat diatas dimana pada BAB V Kewajiban dan Larangan Pasal 8 menyebutkan secara jelas hal-hal yang harus menjadi perhatian pemegang ijin:

1. Pemegang IPHHK-HA atau IPHHBK-HA atau IPHHBK-HT atau IPHHBK-HTHR wajib:(a) Membuat dan menyampaikan laporan kegiatan IPHH secara periodik setiap bulan kepada pemberi izin. (b) Pemberi izin sebagaimana dimaksud huruf a melaporkan kepada Bupati dengan tembusan Kepala Dinas Provinsi dan Direktur Jenderal. (c) Melindungi hutan dari kerusakan akibat illegal logging dan perambahan hutan, ternak dan kebakaran; (d) Membayar Provisi Sumber Daya Hutan (PSDH) sesuai ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku. (e) Menanam kembali minimal 5 (lima) pohon untuk setiap pohon yang ditebang dengan jenis yang sama.
2. Pemegang IPHHK-HA wajib melakukan pencacahan/penandaan terhadap hasil hutan kayu yang akan ditebang/dipungut
3. Pemegang IPHHK-HA atau IPHHBK-HT atau IPHHBK-HTHR dilarang menebang Pohon yang dilindungi
4. Selain larangan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (2), untuk kegiatan pemungutan hasil hutan dilarang menggunakan alat mekanik/berat seperti traktor, bulldozer, loader, skider, grader, wheel loader, excavator dan truck
5. Dalam hal mengangkut hasil hutan dapat mengggunakan truck

Sampai pada keseluruhan analisis awal ini, artinya secara legal Pemerintah memberikan ruang kepada Ijin pemungutan ini untuk memperdagangkan kayunya. Tinggal sekarang bagaimana Daerah secara serius menertibkan dan mengtur agar nilai manfaat itu terasa di pemerintah masyarakat dan pihak-pihak lain yang memanfaatkan peluang IPHHK ini. Kontrool juga menjadi penting untuk mencegah kebocoran yang lebih besar lagi.

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