My Ideas and Stories About PAPUA

Making the rich and beautiful resources in Papua become the social economic strength for Papuan has become the long home works. Many people believe that the early start to find the answer is by understanding how Papua looks like, their communities and their special strength. And it can be realize by directly in touch with them. This blogs provides you chance to touch and gets insight ideas, trends and stories about Papua.

Sabtu, 01 Oktober 2011

Executive summary Eco-Forestry Program in Kaimana Working with PERDU Foundation and the Community in Esania


Background

Community based forest management (CBFM) or the eco-forestry is one way to involving forest depending community in the forest management on the legal frame with good capacity. Making sure that they are able to manage the forest sustainably was the task of the supervisor. The acknowledgment and legalization of area which would be manages under good support and control is the good first step.

The participatory livelihood research that conducted by IUNC-Perdu in this area shown that forest products provide significant source to the community live. Timber, rattan, sago, medicine, fruits and vegetable are the important products that people can get from the forests. As a tradition they had managed the forest – it was their home and their kitchen. Time after time forests give significant impact to the community income. Whether cash or non-cash income. Participatory livelihood research mentioned that some community who live nearest to the market or urban area will have significant cash income from forest. They will easy to collect or gather forests products then sold it to the town. While those who live far from urban area will spending more of what they get from forests for their daily needs.
                                             
Esania, the village where PERDU[1] work with supporting by Samdhana, to fulfill their cash income they are spends more time to take the timber from the forest and sell it to the town. Compared with Kensi the other village that researched which is lie on the highland Kaimana and far enough to reached from town – need about 6 hours by boat to be there - people in Kensi spends more time to manage their cropland, collect and gather from the forest. Almost all products that they produce are mainly for daily consumption. For cash they are usually go to collect masohi or lawang[2]. In current time some of them especially young and adult people are involve in Government project for their cash income.

As a new regency in West Papua Province the development in Kaimana is increase. They face new challenge to manage their natural resources for regional development. Building materials is one of the most important needs to the infrastructure development. Each year a lot of new house and building is built. Road is opened and logistic is need. This need stock for reserves in supporting the development in Kaimana. Timber it’s self is one of which is import. The annual need of timber for housing and building in Kaimana is more than 500 m3. It was taken from the forest around the city of Kaimana. government don’t forbid them even though there is no legal permission that they have to manage the timber forest product. Some of the area from which the timber is takeout to town is the protected area – mainly the area nearest to town and can be reached by truck. The others is taken away using long-boat – such as Esania.

Such dilemma is also faced by people in Esania. They are more depending in timber as their cash income. On the hand regulatory the timber that they were took from forest is not legal. Based on the forest cover map the Esaian is on state forest and covered several forest types – production, conversion and protection. Currently in some eastern part is log over area. 5 years ago there is logging concession in this area they took the timber from the forest. For the community they gave the compensation as the reward towards land right acknowledgment.

PERDU-Samdhana Program in Kaimana

In 2007 the IUCN program called LLS (Landscape and Livelihood Strategy) is implemented. They got grant from Dutch Government to ran the program on 24 sites in the world- two of which are in Indonesia – 3 years grant. In Indonesia IUCN worked with Samdhana Institute and CIFOR. The basic idea of this project is to give an input to the decision maker in the site in how to manage their landscape and the livelihood insides. We chose Baliem Valley in high land and Bomberay Peninsula in lowland and coastal area as sites for study. On those two sites several tools and methodology to see the livelihood and landscape management is conducted. Stella dynamic model, forest poverty toolkits and non-timber forest product assessment are amount of tools that been applied in those two landscape. They are helped to see how rich the natural resources that people have, how they depend on them and how the landscape changes over time in several choices of development scenario.  

In Kaimana, process is began with preliminary assessment is conducted by Yalihimo[3]. Some assessment are also been done by UNIPA – Biodiversity, livelihood and GIS analysis to the land cover. On the early of 2008 PERDU been asked to joined this program as facilitator. As a part of the supporting to capacity building PERDU asked the PEMALI[4] to joined in the program. They started to facilitate the multi stakeholder meeting in Kaimana involving community, government and NGO. This going to the recommendation that the intervention program would be ran in two sites in Kaimana – Esania in coastal and lowland and Kensi in highland of Kaimana. This recommendation then been followed up in the 2nd meeting at the end of 2008 in Kaimana. The LLS leaders from IUCN are took part.

As part of the program landscape dynamic modeling been applied. This involved the representative from Government Agency in Kaimana. Together with the CIFOR team the Kaimana landscape model were built. Then the Forest Poverty Toolkit or participatory livelihood research is applied. Team is trained by Mrs. Gill Shepherd from IUCN about how to use the toolkit. The application is conducted in 3 village; first in Esania together with Mrs. Gill, in Kensi and Gaka. This toolkit is used to help program seen how community livelihood and their dependency to the natural resources – how the distance to market or urban area influence their cash and non-cash income. This tools is helped program to provide the general pictures about land right; decision to natural resources manage – who has high authority to make the decision towards their NRM. Also provided us the list of natural resources that been usage by the community – included list of potential timber that been sold so far.

On the participatory livelihood assessment it’s founded that a lot of Esania community cash income is from timber. On the other hand there is no legal permission that the people have to get the timber from the forest. All people in Esania even said that they don’t know the forestry regulation or other regulation that they should know to manage their natural resources. And the forestry officials are never come to the village to socialized those regulation. They are in the position as a victim when there is an operation by Police or forestry ranger. As a recommendation we know that they need to be facilitated to manage their natural resource which beneficiary for them on the legal frame.

Answer that recommendation the team try to find the legal frame to help community solve their problem. The PERMENHUT 49/2008 about “Hutan Desa” is been chosen and used as the way to get the legal permission in community based forest management. Team agreed to learned more over this PERMENHUT. Communication and discussion is conducted with several stakeholder – included department of forestry in Jakarta, to find the detail steps to push this HD in Esania. Program also facilitated the establishment of the cooperative in this area



“Hutan Desa” a Choice for Esania

The condition where people are depending to their timber for cash income; but the timber they take from forest is regulatory not legal and on the hand the local government in the position of doubting to allowed or forbid community to cut their trees makes community in un-comforts position to manage their forest – timber forest product. The long distance transportation, low prices of timber in town, limited capacity of boat to load the timber, the weakness of the bargaining position are others non-legal factors that influences the timber management of the community in Esania.
Beside this condition, the other issues that would influence the livelihood and landscape in buruway was the high demand of land to oil palm in Kaimana. One part which based on the land suitability map is appropriate is Buruway – include Esania. There are several oil palm companies that had sent their proposal to the government to this area[5]. The last is by PT. Rajawali which is asking 20,000 ha to oil palm expansion. Some village leader had been invited to visited several places in Sumatra and Borneo which the company has. From the model that been provided by CIFOR team and The Government officials it can be seen that in scenario business as usual there would have a lot of changes in the landscape. Model also shown that the increasing of migrant in this area will have positive correlation with the expansion of oil palm – because most of people around this area don’t have good skill and knowledge to fulfill the company needs. 

Team agreed to put PERMENHUT 49/2008 as a legal frame that will be pushed to make sure the acknowledgment of community base forest management in Esania. Communication and facilitation to the community is realized. Team started to introduce and trained the technical skill in forest mapping and measurement. This training is continued with the boundary mapping. Clarity of the area is the precondition of preparation to propose “hutan desa”. People and their facilitator need to make sure that the area is on the state forest with in production and protection function. Then they must make sure that it is out of concession – no other land usage permission. Mapping and overlaying with the existing land cover maps in Forestry department is the step to complete this precondition. During this process socialization to all stakeholders is conducted. Working with Forestry Department West Papua Province the “hutan desa” workshop is under taken. Then it continued with the work shop in Kaimana. The elders from Esania are taken part on those two workshops.

This regulation is considered as a window to catch the chance for the community to get legal permission in managing their natural resources/forest. Consultation with Indonesian Forestry Department in Jakarta is been undertook. They are in position of support this program, they hoped that this would be one best practice for Papua. Some worried are comes during the consultation – whether people can manage their forest sustainably or not? To make sure that the stake holder related to this program is understand the “hutan desa” concepts based on the PERMENHUT the representative from forestry Department is take part as a facilitator on both workshops.

The documents to propose ‘hutan desa’ to Ministry of Forestry is prepared. Village profile, boundary map, cooperative and letter by village leader is gotten. The letter and requirement documents had been given to the Bupati then it will be sent to the ministry of forestry to get it verification and recognition as “hutan desa”.

Cooperative

Villager capacity preparedness is the main key theme in the 1st phase of program. Recommendation to establish a cooperative in this area is comes out. People had have willingness to manage their natural resources with good management system. They are hoped to get more benefit from the forest, land and river.

Cooperative is established, training for their capacity building is facilitated, administration requirement is completed and their office in village is constructed. Cooperative structure and personal is fulfilled and ready to work. Capacity building in cooperative and natural resources management is the vital needs currently to make sure that they are understand who to run and manage this institution.

Stakeholders Response

Monitoring and evaluation (monev) towards the program in Kaimana had been undertaken by Mr. Restu Achmadiadi (The Pusaka Staff)[6]. This monev is aimed to see how the program achievement, communities and government body responses. It also want to know how the facilitation and supervision by facilitator in the village – the weakness and the advantages.    

Basically the community in Esania is happy and welcome to any community development program coming in village. Indeed they have a willingness to support such program as far as it’s comes to help them increase their livelihood. So far some of the villager is taken part on the activities that conducted by program. They had heard and knew the previous activities. The hoped cooperative could run properly so it can help them in marketing their natural resources products.

District Government is also feels that this was a chance for the community to get legal access to manage their natural resources. They had an experience before when the vice Bupati gave the saw-mill to the community but because they don’t have legal permission by government to manage the timber so it’s not work anymore. On the other side community empowerment to increase their social-economic welfare is one pole program of district government. They see this program as a new chance for the community to manage their forest in the legal frame.

Provincial and central forestry department are in line with what been though. They put their position in supporting this program. Continues communication among stakeholder is undertaken to make sure that program is known by those who are concerned on this subject.

Lesson by This Program

1.      Multi stakeholder engagement: since the program was started until now a number of stake holder are being involved – such as Central Government (Ministry of Forestry), Provincial Government, Papua University, Kaimana Government, NGOs and the community. All parties are provides significant inputs to the program. New approach in multi stakeholder engagement is been proved as one effective way to livelihood and landscape management. Support for this program is come from the head of the district, the head of forestry department, community even the forestry department in Jakarta.
2.      Community Empowerment: experience in Papua when there is a Kopermas Program that allowed local community to get their timber without any supports and control has caused big problem in illegal logging. Most of those that get kopermas permission are joined with the company or investor to cut down the tree in large number. Even some of them should be jailed because be claimed not respect to the forestry and criminal regulation. In kaimana since it become new disctrict the increasing on timber demand to support the district development be a driven variable to the increasing community activity on forests to take the timber. On the other side government is doubt to forbid or support the community – worried to legal deviation. This situation going to several conclusions that the community is need to be supported and controlled to manage their natural resources. They are needs to understand the legalization and acknowledgement through government permission.  They are needs to be more secure in manage it.
3.      Capacity building: along with program capacity building process is one of the goal to achieved. Local partners and the community have gets additional knowledge and skill during activities. Mapping, modeling, cooperative and livelihood assessment are all kind of activities for the capacity building process. Several workshop and training are also conducted during program in order to increase partner capacity in support the program. Community are also took part on several training and workshop.
4.      Customary boundary mapping: this was one activity that been implemented in Kaimana during the program. This aimed to provide evidence document about area which was claimed belong to some tribe, clan or family. In Kaimana, Esania was the first village that been mapped it boundary. After mapped it be recognized by neighbor village. People happy to welcome this process, and they hope that this would be best document for their next generation. After Esania, this activity is being continued in Tairi – the next village after Esania which lay on the other branch of the Buruway river. After those two villages be mapped, the other village is requested to the program to help them in mapping their boundary.




[1] PERDU: Local NGO based in Manokwari working on the issues of natural resources management and conservation. Focusing also in community empowering facilitation.
[2] Masohi : kind of wood that grow in highland (200 – 500 m.asl) around bomberay peninsula. It is used for parfum. People are always take it barks, dried then sell to the town.
Lawang : Kind of local wood grow in highland. People take it bark and distillated the produced become an oil.
[3] Yalihimo: The local NGO based in Manokwari, working on the issues of community empowering, cooperative, organizing and natural resource management.
[4] PEMALI: Kaiman based NGO, working in community empowering and natural resources management. 
[5] Information got from Pak SEKDA (District Secretary)
[6] Acmaliadi, R. 2011. LAPORAN PENGAMATAN PERKEMBANGAN KEGIATAN KAIMANA. Jakarta



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